Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), and ‡Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2013 Dec 17;47(24):14275-81. doi: 10.1021/es403613h. Epub 2013 Dec 4.
Aircraft cabin disinsection is required by some countries to kill insects that may pose risks to public health and native ecological systems. A probabilistic model has been developed by considering the microenvironmental dynamics of the pesticide in conjunction with the activity patterns of flight attendants, to assess their exposures and risks to pesticide in disinsected aircraft cabins under three scenarios of pesticide application. Main processes considered in the model are microenvironmental transport and deposition, volatilization, and transfer of pesticide when passengers and flight attendants come in contact with the cabin surfaces. The simulated pesticide airborne mass concentration and surface mass loadings captured measured ranges reported in the literature. The medians (means ± standard devitions) of daily total exposure intakes were 0.24 (3.8 ± 10.0), 1.4 (4.2 ± 5.7), and 0.15 (2.1 ± 3.2) μg day(-1) kg(-1) of body weight for scenarios of residual application, preflight, and top-of-descent spraying, respectively. Exposure estimates were sensitive to parameters corresponding to pesticide deposition, body surface area and weight, surface-to-body transfer efficiencies, and efficiency of adherence to skin. Preflight spray posed 2.0 and 3.1 times higher pesticide exposure risk levels for flight attendants in disinsected aircraft cabins than top-of-descent spray and residual application, respectively.
飞机客舱消毒是一些国家的要求，目的是杀死可能对公众健康和当地生态系统构成威胁的昆虫。本研究通过结合农药在微小环境中的动态变化和空乘人员的活动模式，建立了一个概率模型，以评估在三种施药情况下，空乘人员在经过消毒的飞机客舱中接触农药时的暴露和风险。模型中主要考虑了微环境中的输运和沉积、挥发以及当旅客和空乘人员接触客舱表面时农药的转移过程。模拟的农药空气浓度和表面质量负荷与文献中报道的实测范围相符。残留施药、预飞和下降顶喷三种情况下，每日总暴露摄入量的中位数（平均值±标准偏差）分别为 0.24（3.8±10.0）、1.4（4.2±5.7）和 0.15（2.1±3.2）μg·day(-1)·kg(-1)体重。暴露估计值对与农药沉积、体表面积和体重、体表到体转移效率以及对皮肤的附着效率相关的参数较为敏感。预飞时，飞机客舱中经消毒处理后，空乘人员的农药暴露风险水平比下降顶喷和残留施药分别高出 2.0 倍和 3.1 倍。
