Leifer M S, Spekkens Robert W
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada.
Phys Rev Lett. 2005 Nov 11;95(20):200405. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.200405.
Many seemingly paradoxical effects are known in the predictions for outcomes of intermediate measurements made on pre- and post-selected quantum systems. Despite appearances, these effects do not demonstrate the impossibility of a noncontextual hidden variable theory, since an explanation in terms of measurement disturbance is possible. Nonetheless, we show that for every paradoxical effect wherein all the pre- and post-selected probabilities are 0 or 1 and the pre- and post-selected states are nonorthogonal, there is an associated proof of the impossibility of a noncontextual hidden variable theory. This proof is obtained by considering all the measurements involved in the paradoxical effect--the preselection, the post-selection, and the alternative possible intermediate measurements--as alternative possible measurements at a single time.
对于对预先选择和后选择的量子系统进行的中间测量结果的预测，存在许多看似矛盾的效应。尽管表面如此，但这些效应并未证明非情境隐变量理论是不可能的，因为可以用测量干扰来解释。然而，我们表明，对于每一个矛盾效应，其中所有预先选择和后选择的概率为0或1，且预先选择和后选择的状态是非正交的，都存在一个关于非情境隐变量理论不可能成立的相关证明。这个证明是通过将矛盾效应中涉及的所有测量——预选择、后选择以及其他可能的中间测量——视为单个时刻的其他可能测量而得到的。
