Gurubacharya D L, Mathura K C, Karki D B
Department of Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal.
Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ). 2003 Apr-Jun;1(2):91-4.
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among health care workers on needle stick injuries.
A 15-item questionnaire was administered to seventy health care workers including nurses and paramedical staffs from different departments of Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital to measure knowledge, attitude and practices on needle stick injuries.
Results showed that 4% and 61% of health care workers, respectively, were unaware of the fact that hepatitis B and hepatitis C can be transmitted by needle-stick injuries. 52 subjects (74%) had a history of needle-stick injuries and only 21% reported the injuries to the hospital authority. Only 23% were in the habit of using gloves for phlebotomy procedures all the time. 79% were of the impression that needle should be recapped after use. Only 66% were aware of Universal Precaution Guidelines. 16 subjects (23%) were negative for HBsAg, Anti-HCV and Anti-HIV and 54 subjects (77%) do not know about their immune status. 42 subjects (60%) had been vaccinated against hepatitis B, while 28 subjects (40%) were not vaccinated against hepatitis B. Only 6 subjects (14%) had been tested for Anti-HBs antibody after hepatitis B vaccination.
The survey revealed that knowledge of health care workers about the risk associated with needle-stick injuries and use of preventive measures was inadequate. A standing order procedure (SOP) should be formulated regarding needle-stick injuries in all the health institutions. It should outline precautions to be taken when dealing with blood and body fluids. It should also contain reporting of all needle-stick injuries. Health care workers should be made aware of hazards, preventive measures and post-exposure prophylaxis to needle-stick injuries. A hospital-wide hepatitis immunization programme should also be started.
本研究旨在评估医护人员对针刺伤的知识、态度和行为。
对加德满都医学院及教学医院不同科室的70名医护人员（包括护士和辅助医疗人员）进行了一项包含15个项目的问卷调查，以测量他们对针刺伤的知识、态度和行为。
结果显示，分别有4%和61%的医护人员不知道乙型肝炎和丙型肝炎可通过针刺伤传播。52名受试者（74%）有针刺伤史，只有21%向医院当局报告了这些伤害。只有23%的人一直有在静脉穿刺操作时戴手套的习惯。79%的人认为使用后的针头应该重新盖帽。只有66%的人了解通用预防指南。16名受试者（23%）的乙肝表面抗原、抗丙型肝炎病毒抗体和抗艾滋病病毒抗体检测为阴性，54名受试者（77%）不知道自己的免疫状况。42名受试者（60%）接种过乙肝疫苗，而28名受试者（40%）未接种过乙肝疫苗。乙肝疫苗接种后只有6名受试者（14%）检测了抗乙肝表面抗体。
调查显示，医护人员对针刺伤相关风险及预防措施的使用知识不足。所有医疗机构应制定关于针刺伤的标准操作规程（SOP）。它应概述处理血液和体液时应采取的预防措施。它还应包括所有针刺伤的报告。应让医护人员了解针刺伤的危害、预防措施和暴露后预防。还应启动全院范围的肝炎免疫计划。
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