Mruczek Ryan E B, Sheinberg David L
Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02910, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 2005 Aug;67(6):1016-31. doi: 10.3758/bf03193628.
Previous reports suggest that distractor familiarity plays an important role in determining visual search efficiency. However, the specific tasks used in those studies limit the extension of their findings to real-world situations and everyday images. In the present study, subjects engaged in a prolonged period of search experience as a control of their level of familiarity with a large set of target and distractor images. Reaction times and search slopes decreased dramatically over this period, especially for trials with a large target eccentricity and many distractors. Following extended practice, search among familiar distractors was more efficient than search among unfamiliar distractors. Furthermore, we found that familiar targets were located more efficiently than unfamiliar targets and that subjects were faster at locating targets that they had experienced in the majority of the search trials. These results show that prolonged visual experience facilitates processing of both target and distractor items during search.
先前的报告表明，干扰项的熟悉程度在决定视觉搜索效率方面起着重要作用。然而，这些研究中使用的特定任务限制了其研究结果向现实世界情境和日常图像的扩展。在本研究中，受试者经历了长时间的搜索体验，以控制他们对大量目标和干扰项图像的熟悉程度。在此期间，反应时间和搜索斜率大幅下降，尤其是对于目标偏心度大且干扰项多的试验。经过长时间练习后，在熟悉的干扰项中进行搜索比在不熟悉的干扰项中进行搜索更有效。此外，我们发现熟悉的目标比不熟悉的目标定位得更有效，并且受试者在定位他们在大多数搜索试验中经历过的目标时速度更快。这些结果表明，长时间的视觉体验有助于在搜索过程中对目标和干扰项进行处理。
