Gouveia M Manuela C, Ribeiro Ana, Várzea Vítor M P, Rodrigues Carlos J
Centro de Investigação das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Quinta do Marqués, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal.
Mycologia. 2005 Mar-Apr;97(2):396-404. doi: 10.3852/mycologia.97.2.396.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to assess the genetic structure of Hemileia vastatrix populations. Forty-five rust isolates with different virulence spectra and from different hosts and geographical regions were analyzed. Out of 45 bands, generated with three RAPD primers, 35 (78%) were polymorphic and scored as molecular markers. Cluster analysis exhibits unstructured variability of this pathogen with regard to physiological race, geographical origin or host. The genotypic diversity (H') inferred from Shannon's index was higher than gene diversity (Ht), suggesting that diversity is distributed among clonal lineages. Estimates of gene diversity in Africa and Asia populations were higher in total (Ht) as compared to within population diversity (Hs). Genetic differentiation was considerable among coffee rust isolates from Africa (Gst = 0.865) and Asia (Gst = 0.768) but not among isolates from South America (Gst = 0.266). We concluded that genetic diversity in H. vastatrix was moderately low and that the genetic differentiation among populations shows that asexual reproduction is likely to play an important role in the population biology of this fungus. This should be taken into account for the development of breeding programs.
随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）被用于评估咖啡锈病菌（Hemileia vastatrix）种群的遗传结构。分析了来自不同寄主和地理区域、具有不同毒力谱的45个锈菌分离株。用三种RAPD引物产生的45条带中，35条（78%）具有多态性，并被作为分子标记进行评分。聚类分析表明，该病原菌在生理小种、地理起源或寄主方面呈现出非结构化的变异性。从香农指数推断出的基因型多样性（H'）高于基因多样性（Ht），这表明多样性分布在克隆谱系之间。与种群内多样性（Hs）相比，非洲和亚洲种群的基因多样性总估计值（Ht）更高。非洲（Gst = 0.865）和亚洲（Gst = 0.768）的咖啡锈菌分离株之间的遗传分化相当大，但南美洲分离株之间的遗传分化不大（Gst = 0.266）。我们得出结论，咖啡锈病菌的遗传多样性处于中等偏低水平，种群间的遗传分化表明无性繁殖可能在这种真菌的种群生物学中起重要作用。在制定育种计划时应考虑到这一点。
