Dose of case management interventions.

Case management programs need to be evaluated for outcomes achievement and efficient use of resources. As a provider intervention, case management is interactional and situational. Little is known about how to measure the actual dose delivered in order to assess quality and manage outcomes. Case management is interdisciplinary, has identifiable dimensions, and serves as a practical example of conceptualizing and measuring the dosage of a provider's intervention. The basic elements of the dosage of an intervention are amount, frequency, duration, and breadth. A three-dimensional model illustrates dosage of case management.