Hamid Muhammad Haroon, Butt Tayyaba, Baloch Ghulam Raza, Maqbool Sajid
Department of Paediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan.
J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2005 Dec;15(12):805-8.
To determine the frequency, etiology, clinical presentation and outcome of acute poisoning in children presenting to a tertiary care hospital.
Descriptive and observational study.
Emergency Department of the Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore. Over five years from September 1998 to August 2003.
All cases of suspected or confirmed acute poisoning in children (1 month to 15 years) were retrospectively analyzed by retrieving data from hospital records and from patients files where possible. Variables like demographic data, season of presentation, type of agent, route of exposure and outcome were studied for all cases. Detailed files were available for 90 patients in whom place of exposure, risk factors and clinical features were also studied.
Three hundred and forty-six cases of acute poisoning were registered during the study period, which constitute 0.93% of all ER admission. Most (59%) were less than 2 years of age with median age of 18 months (SD+ 32.6). Majority (80%) belonged to urban areas and presented during summer and monsoon season (57%). Pharmaceutical products were the leading cause (51%) followed by petroleum products (23%), chemicals (8.4%), household substances (7.6%) and unidentifiable agents in 10% cases. Anti-diarrhoeal drugs and kerosene oil were the two most frequent agents involved and ingestion remained the primary route of exposure. Gastrointestinal system was primarily involved in 40% patients. Eighty percent patients were discharged, 6% with residual damage while 11% patients died of poisoning or its complications.
Acute poisoning carries a significant impact as regards morbidity and mortality. Awareness and education about the potential toxicity of commonly used drugs and household substances may help in reducing the burden of acute poisoning in children.
确定在一家三级护理医院就诊的儿童急性中毒的发生率、病因、临床表现及结局。
描述性观察研究。
拉合尔儿童医院及儿童健康研究所急诊科。1998年9月至2003年8月的五年间。
通过尽可能从医院记录和患者档案中检索数据，对所有疑似或确诊的儿童（1个月至15岁）急性中毒病例进行回顾性分析。研究了所有病例的人口统计学数据、就诊季节、中毒剂类型、接触途径及结局等变量。对90例患者有详细档案，还研究了其接触地点、危险因素及临床特征。
研究期间共登记346例急性中毒病例，占急诊入院总数的0.93%。大多数（59%）年龄小于2岁，中位年龄为18个月（标准差±32.6）。大多数（80%）来自城市地区，且在夏季和季风季节就诊（57%）。药品是主要病因（51%），其次是石油产品（23%）、化学品（8.4%）、家用物质（7.6%），10%的病例中毒剂不明。止泻药和煤油是最常涉及的两种中毒剂，摄入仍是主要接触途径。40%的患者主要累及胃肠道系统。80%的患者出院，6%有残留损害，11%的患者死于中毒或其并发症。
急性中毒在发病率和死亡率方面有重大影响。提高对常用药物和家用物质潜在毒性的认识及开展相关教育，可能有助于减轻儿童急性中毒的负担。
