Gawron Valerie J, Drury Colin G, Fairbanks Rollin J, Berger Roseanne C
General Dynamics, and Industrial Engineering Department, State University of New York, New York at Buffalo, NY 14225, USA.
Am J Med Qual. 2006 Jan-Feb;21(1):57-67. doi: 10.1177/1062860605283932.
The goal of human factors engineering is to optimize the relationship between humans and systems by studying human behavior, abilities, and limitations and using this knowledge to design systems for safe and effective human use. With the assumption that the human component of any system will inevitably produce errors, human factors engineers design systems and human/machine interfaces that are robust enough to reduce error rates and the effect of the inevitable error within the system. In this article, we review the extent and nature of medical error and then discuss human factors engineering tools that have potential applicability. These tools include taxonomies of human and system error and error data collection and analysis methods. Finally, we describe studies that have examined medical error, and on the basis of these studies, present conclusions about how human factors engineering can significantly reduce medical errors and their effects.
人因工程学的目标是通过研究人类行为、能力和局限性，并利用这些知识设计出供人类安全有效使用的系统，从而优化人与系统之间的关系。基于任何系统中的人为因素都不可避免地会产生错误这一假设，人因工程学工程师设计出足够强大的系统和人机界面，以降低错误率，并减少系统中不可避免的错误所产生的影响。在本文中，我们回顾了医疗差错的范围和性质，然后讨论了具有潜在适用性的人因工程学工具。这些工具包括人为和系统错误的分类法以及错误数据收集和分析方法。最后，我们描述了已对医疗差错进行研究的各项研究，并基于这些研究得出关于人因工程学如何能够显著减少医疗差错及其影响的结论。
