Serino Andrea, Ciaramelli Elisa, Di Santantonio Anna, Malagù Susanna, Servadei Franco, Làdavas Elisabetta
Centro Studi e Ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Cesena, Italy.
Brain Inj. 2006 Jan;20(1):23-32. doi: 10.1080/02699050500309627.
This study investigated whether cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be considered a consequence of (1) a speed processing deficit or (2) an impairment of the Central Executive System (CES) of working memory.
Thirty-seven TBI patients underwent a standardized battery of neuropsychological tests evaluating speed processing, sustained attention, short-term memory, working memory, divided attention, executive functions and long-term memory.
Patients showed severe deficits in working memory, divided attention, executive functions and long-term memory. Divided attention, long-term memory and executive functions deficits significantly correlated with working memory, but not with speed processing deficits. Moreover, multiple regression analyses showed that a CES impairment and not a speed processing deficit predicted divided attention, executive functions and long-term memory deficits. The severity and the site of brain lesions did not predict the level of CES or speed processing impairment.
The cognitive impairment following TBI seem to be caused by an impairment of the Central Executive System, rather than a speed processing deficit.
本研究调查了创伤性脑损伤（TBI）后的认知障碍是否可被视为以下两种情况的结果：（1）速度处理缺陷，或（2）工作记忆的中央执行系统（CES）受损。
37名TBI患者接受了一系列标准化的神经心理学测试，以评估速度处理、持续注意力、短期记忆、工作记忆、分散注意力、执行功能和长期记忆。
患者在工作记忆、分散注意力、执行功能和长期记忆方面表现出严重缺陷。分散注意力、长期记忆和执行功能缺陷与工作记忆显著相关，但与速度处理缺陷无关。此外，多元回归分析表明，CES受损而非速度处理缺陷可预测分散注意力、执行功能和长期记忆缺陷。脑损伤的严重程度和部位并不能预测CES或速度处理受损的程度。
TBI后的认知障碍似乎是由中央执行系统受损引起的，而非速度处理缺陷。
