Romeis Jörg, Meissle Michael, Bigler Franz
Agroscope FAL Reckenholz, Swiss Federal Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture, Reckenholzstr. 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Jan;24(1):63-71. doi: 10.1038/nbt1180.
The area devoted to growing transgenic plants expressing insecticidal Cry proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is increasing worldwide. A major concern with the adoption of Bt crops is their potential impact on nontarget organisms including biological control organisms. Regulatory frameworks should advocate a step-wise (tiered) approach to assess possible nontarget effects of Bt crops. Laboratory and glasshouse studies have revealed effects on natural enemies only when Bt-susceptible, sublethally damaged herbivores were used as prey or host, with no indication of direct toxic effects. Field studies have confirmed that the abundance and activity of parasitoids and predators are similar in Bt and non-Bt crops. In contrast, applications of conventional insecticides have usually resulted in negative impacts on biological control organisms. Because Bt-transgenic varieties can lead to substantial reductions in insecticide use in some crops, they can contribute to integrated pest management systems with a strong biological control component.
全球范围内，用于种植表达源自苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bt）杀虫晶体蛋白的转基因植物的面积正在增加。采用Bt作物的一个主要担忧是其对包括生物防治生物在内的非靶标生物的潜在影响。监管框架应倡导采用逐步（分层）方法来评估Bt作物可能产生的非靶标效应。实验室和温室研究表明，只有当使用对Bt敏感、受到亚致死损伤的食草动物作为猎物或寄主时，才会对天敌产生影响，没有迹象表明存在直接毒性作用。田间研究证实，Bt作物和非Bt作物中寄生性天敌和捕食性天敌的数量及活动情况相似。相比之下，常规杀虫剂的使用通常会对生物防治生物产生负面影响。由于Bt转基因品种能在某些作物中大幅减少杀虫剂的使用，因此它们可为具有强大生物防治成分的综合害虫管理系统做出贡献。
