Rexbye Helle, Petersen Inge, Johansens Mette, Klitkou Louise, Jeune Bernard, Christensen Kaare
The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark.
Age Ageing. 2006 Mar;35(2):110-5. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afj031. Epub 2006 Jan 11.
A recent twin study has shown that 'looking old for one's age' is associated with increased mortality. Approximately 40% of the variation in perceived age is due to non-genetic factors.
To examine environmental factors influencing perceived age controlling for diseases.
A twin study.
In the 2001 wave of the population-based survey--the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins--participants provided information on a wide range of exposures and health indicators. Additionally, they were asked to have a face photograph taken.
A total of 1826 elderly (70+) twins who had a high-quality face photograph taken.
Ten nurses assessed the visual age of each twin from the face photograph. The mean of the nurses' age estimates for each twin was used as the twin's perceived age. Multivariate linear regression and intrapair comparison (for intact twin pairs) were used for analyses.
Statistically significant determinants of facial ageing associated with high perceived age for men were smoking (P = 0.01), sun exposure (P = 0.02) and low body mass index (BMI) (P<0.005), while for women they were low BMI (P = 0.05) and low social class (P<0.005). The number of children (men) and marital status (P = 0.08) and depression symptomatology score (women) were borderline significantly associated with facial ageing.
Our study confirms previous findings of a negative influence of sun exposure, smoking and a low BMI on facial ageing. Furthermore, our study indicates that high social status, low depression score and being married are associated with a younger look, but the strength of the associations varies between genders.
最近一项双胞胎研究表明，“看起来比实际年龄老”与死亡率增加有关。大约40%的感知年龄差异是由非遗传因素造成的。
研究在控制疾病的情况下影响感知年龄的环境因素。
一项双胞胎研究。
在2001年基于人群的调查——丹麦双胞胎老龄化纵向研究中，参与者提供了一系列广泛的暴露因素和健康指标信息。此外，他们还被要求拍摄一张面部照片。
共有1826名70岁及以上的老年双胞胎拍摄了高质量的面部照片。
10名护士根据面部照片评估每对双胞胎的视觉年龄。护士对每对双胞胎年龄估计的平均值用作该双胞胎的感知年龄。采用多元线性回归和配对比较（针对完整的双胞胎对）进行分析。
与男性高感知年龄相关的面部衰老的统计学显著决定因素是吸烟（P = 0.01）、阳光照射（P = 0.02）和低体重指数（BMI）（P<0.005），而女性的是低BMI（P = 0.05）和低社会阶层（P<0.005）。孩子数量（男性）、婚姻状况（P = 0.08）和抑郁症状评分（女性）与面部衰老存在边缘显著相关性。
我们的研究证实了先前关于阳光照射、吸烟和低BMI对面部衰老有负面影响的研究结果。此外，我们的研究表明，高社会地位、低抑郁评分和已婚与看起来更年轻有关，但这些关联的强度在不同性别之间有所不同。
