Depp Colin A, Jeste Dilip V
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006 Jan;14(1):6-20. doi: 10.1097/01.JGP.0000192501.03069.bc.
There is no consensual definition of "successful aging." Our aim was to review the literature on proportions of subjects meeting criteria and individual components of definitions of successful aging as well as correlates of these definitions.
We conducted a literature search for published English-language peer-reviewed reports of data-based studies of adults over age 60 that included an operationalized definition of successful aging. The authors categorized the components of these definitions and independent variables examined in relation to successful aging (e.g., gender, education, and social contacts).
The authors identified 28 studies with 29 different definitions that met our criteria. Most investigations used large samples of community-dwelling older adults. The mean reported proportion of successful agers was 35.8% (standard deviation: 19.8) but varied widely (interquartile range: 31%). Multiple components of these definitions were identified, although 26 of 29 included disability/physical functioning. The most frequent significant correlates of the various definitions of successful aging were age (young-old), nonsmoking, and absence of disability, arthritis, and diabetes. Moderate support was found for greater physical activity, more social contacts, better self-rated health, absence of depression and cognitive impairment, and fewer medical conditions. Gender, income, education, and marital status generally did not relate to successful aging.
Despite variability among definitions, approximately one-third of elderly individuals were classified as aging successfully. The majority of these definitions were based on the absence of disability with lesser inclusion of psychosocial variables. Predictors of successful aging varied yet point to several potentially modifiable targets for increasing the likelihood of successful aging.
对于“成功老龄化”尚无共识性定义。我们的目的是回顾关于符合标准的受试者比例、成功老龄化定义的各个组成部分以及这些定义的相关因素的文献。
我们对已发表的、经同行评审的英文报告进行文献检索，这些报告是关于60岁以上成年人的基于数据的研究，其中包括成功老龄化的操作性定义。作者对这些定义的组成部分以及与成功老龄化相关的自变量（如性别、教育程度和社会交往）进行了分类。
作者确定了28项研究，其中有29种不同的定义符合我们的标准。大多数调查使用了大量社区居住的老年人样本。报告的成功老龄化者的平均比例为35.8%（标准差：19.8），但差异很大（四分位间距：31%）。确定了这些定义的多个组成部分，尽管29个定义中有26个包括残疾/身体功能。成功老龄化各种定义最常见的显著相关因素是年龄（年轻老年人）、不吸烟、无残疾、关节炎和糖尿病。对于更多的体育活动、更多的社会交往、更好的自我健康评价、无抑郁和认知障碍以及较少的疾病状况，有中等程度的支持证据。性别、收入、教育程度和婚姻状况通常与成功老龄化无关。
尽管定义存在差异，但约三分之一的老年人被归类为成功老龄化。这些定义大多基于无残疾，较少纳入社会心理变量。成功老龄化的预测因素各不相同，但指出了几个可能可改变的目标，以增加成功老龄化的可能性。
