Chen Yingying, Sun Yaning, Chen Yinyin, Cao Yawen, Fang Wenbin, Sannoh Mohamed, Pan Guixia
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
Medical Data Processing Center of School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Eur J Nutr. 2025 Apr 29;64(4):168. doi: 10.1007/s00394-025-03667-0.
The role of dietary patterns in overall health and longevity among the elderly has not been comprehensively evaluated. We investigated the associations between multiple dietary indices and successful aging, longevity, and extreme longevity among older individuals, aiming to explore appropriate dietary patterns for the older Chinese population.
A food frequency questionnaire was used to construct seven dietary indices: plant-based dietary index (PDI), healthful plant-based dietary index (hPDI), unhealthful plant-based dietary index (uPDI), animal-based dietary index (ADI), dietary diversity index (DDI), protein-enriched dietary diversity index (PEDDI), and anti-inflammatory dietary diversity index (AIDDI). When analyzing the associations between dietary indices and successful aging, longevity, and extreme longevity, logistic regression models or Cox proportional hazards models were employed. Followed by restricted cubic splines to examine the non-linear associations.
Each SD increment in PEDDI was associated with a 20% higher probability of successful aging (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.06-1.36). One SD increment in PEDDI was related to a 26% higher probability of longevity (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.14-1.39). Individuals in the top tertile group of PEDDI had a higher probability of achieving extreme longevity compared to those in the bottom tertile group of PEDDI (OR = 1.83, 95% CI:1.01-3.30).
For older adults in China, greater attention should be given to dietary patterns rich in protein, as higher PEDDI scores were statistically associated with promoting successful aging, longevity, and extreme longevity.
饮食模式对老年人整体健康和长寿的作用尚未得到全面评估。我们调查了多种饮食指数与老年人成功老龄化、长寿和极长寿之间的关联，旨在探索适合中国老年人群的饮食模式。
使用食物频率问卷构建七个饮食指数：植物性饮食指数（PDI）、健康植物性饮食指数（hPDI）、不健康植物性饮食指数（uPDI）、动物性饮食指数（ADI）、饮食多样性指数（DDI）、富含蛋白质的饮食多样性指数（PEDDI）和抗炎饮食多样性指数（AIDDI）。在分析饮食指数与成功老龄化、长寿和极长寿之间的关联时，采用了逻辑回归模型或Cox比例风险模型。随后采用受限立方样条来检验非线性关联。
PEDDI每增加一个标准差，成功老龄化的概率就会高出20%（OR = 1.20，95% CI：1.06 - 1.36）。PEDDI每增加一个标准差，长寿的概率就会高出26%（HR = 1.26，95% CI：1.14 - 1.39）。与PEDDI最低三分位数组的个体相比，PEDDI最高三分位数组的个体实现极长寿的概率更高（OR = 1.83，95% CI：1.01 - 3.30）。
对于中国老年人，应更加关注富含蛋白质的饮食模式，因为较高的PEDDI得分在统计学上与促进成功老龄化、长寿和极长寿相关。
