Prescher Jennifer A, Bertozzi Carolyn R
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
Nat Chem Biol. 2005 Jun;1(1):13-21. doi: 10.1038/nchembio0605-13.
Dissecting complex cellular processes requires the ability to track biomolecules as they function within their native habitat. Although genetically encoded tags such as GFP are widely used to monitor discrete proteins, they can cause significant perturbations to a protein's structure and have no direct extension to other classes of biomolecules such as glycans, lipids, nucleic acids and secondary metabolites. In recent years, an alternative tool for tagging biomolecules has emerged from the chemical biology community--the bioorthogonal chemical reporter. In a prototypical experiment, a unique chemical motif, often as small as a single functional group, is incorporated into the target biomolecule using the cell's own biosynthetic machinery. The chemical reporter is then covalently modified in a highly selective fashion with an exogenously delivered probe. This review highlights the development of bioorthogonal chemical reporters and reactions and their application in living systems.
剖析复杂的细胞过程需要具备在生物分子的天然环境中追踪其功能的能力。尽管诸如绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）等基因编码标签被广泛用于监测离散的蛋白质，但它们可能会对蛋白质结构造成重大干扰，并且无法直接应用于其他生物分子类别，如聚糖、脂质、核酸和次生代谢物。近年来，化学生物学界出现了一种用于标记生物分子的替代工具——生物正交化学报告基团。在一个典型的实验中，通常小至单个官能团的独特化学基序会利用细胞自身的生物合成机制被整合到目标生物分子中。然后，化学报告基团会以高度选择性的方式与外源递送的探针进行共价修饰。本综述重点介绍了生物正交化学报告基团和反应的发展及其在活细胞系统中的应用。
