[关于放射性意外扩散情况下应急计划的详细信息]

Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg. 2005;67(5-6):341-51.

In the present context of terrorist threat and the multiple uses of radioactive sources for many applications, one cannot exclude the probability of a contamination with radioactive products in the public domain. The most probable scenario is the loss or theft of a source, or a source showing up in some unexpected location (orphan sources). Terrorist actions may lead to a similar problem (radiological dispersion devices, RDD). If the radiological situation is serious, the Belgian emergency plan will be declared, aiming at protecting the population as adequately as possible. However, the emergency plan has mainly been conceived for an accident in a nuclear facility; as exercises are organised frequently and as the technical possibilities can be studied in advance, the experts are better prepared for such accidents. But a radioactive contamination in some other location would lead to modifications to be made, which may result in less effective response. Indeed, the very first stage--an alert--will presumably be missing. Or the contamination may occur in a town not involved in radiological emergency exercises, leading to a local lack of means. The main concern is that this should not lead to a degradation of the response. It is essential that all decision makers at all levels know how to deal with the situation, or at least know whom to call for support (Mayors, emergency workers) A special focus on medical staff who could be involved with potentially strong (yet local) fields of radiation, injured people with contamination, but also (and presumably especially) with the psychological impact of large groups of population feeling concerned about the potential health or societal (and economic) consequences for themselves or their children. Whether the probability of such an event is large in Belgium or not is in that sense less relevant: the probability surely isn't zero, and as such an adapted preparation scheme is absolutely necessary.

在当前存在恐怖主义威胁以及放射源在众多应用中被广泛使用的背景下，不能排除放射性物质在公共区域造成污染的可能性。最有可能出现的情况是放射源丢失或被盗，或者放射源出现在某个意想不到的地方（无主放射源）。恐怖主义行动可能会导致类似问题（放射性散布装置，即脏弹）。如果放射状况严重，将启动比利时应急计划，旨在尽可能充分地保护民众。然而，该应急计划主要是针对核设施事故制定的；由于经常组织演练且可以提前研究技术可能性，专家们对这类事故有了更好的准备。但在其他地方发生放射性污染则需要做出调整，这可能导致应对效果降低。事实上，最初阶段——警报——可能会缺失。或者污染可能发生在未参与放射应急演练的城镇，导致当地资源匮乏。主要担忧的是这不应导致应对能力下降。各级决策者必须知道如何应对这种情况，或者至少知道该向谁求助（市长、应急人员）。要特别关注可能接触到潜在高强度（但局部）辐射区域的医护人员、受污染的伤者，以及（可能尤其要关注）大批民众因担心自身或子女的潜在健康、社会（和经济）后果而产生的心理影响。从这个意义上说，这种事件在比利时发生的可能性大小并不那么重要：其可能性肯定不为零，因此制定一个适应性的准备方案绝对必要。