Karussis Dimitrios, Grigoriadis Savas, Polyzoidou Eleni, Grigoriadis Nikolaos, Slavin Shimon, Abramsky Oded
Department of Neurology and the Agnes Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Ein-Karem IL-91120, Israel.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2006 Mar;108(3):250-4. doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2005.11.007. Epub 2006 Jan 4.
In chronic inflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), neuroprotection refers to strategies aimed at prevention of the irreversible damage of various neuronal and glial cell populations, and promoting regeneration. It is increasingly recognized that MS progression, in addition to demyelination, leads to substantial irreversible damage to, and loss of neurons, resulting in brain atrophy and cumulative disability. One of the most promising neuroprotective strategies involves the use of bone marrow derived stem cells. Both hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic (stromal) cells can, under certain circumstances, differentiate into cells of various neuronal and glial lineages. Neuronal stem cells have also been reported to suppress EAE by exerting direct in situ immunomodulating effects, in addition to their ability to provide a potential source for remyelination and neuroregeneration. Preliminary results from our laboratory indicate that intravenous or intracerebral/intraventricular injection of bone marrow derived stromal cells could differentiate in neuronal/glial cells and suppress the clinical signs of chronic EAE. Both bone marrow and neuronal stem cells may therefore have a therapeutic potential in MS. It seems that future treatment strategies for MS should combine immunomodulation with neuroprotective modalities to achieve maximal clinical benefit.
在诸如多发性硬化症（MS）等慢性炎症性疾病中，神经保护是指旨在预防各种神经元和神经胶质细胞群体发生不可逆损伤并促进再生的策略。人们越来越认识到，MS的进展除了脱髓鞘外，还会导致神经元受到大量不可逆损伤并丧失，从而导致脑萎缩和累积性残疾。最有前景的神经保护策略之一涉及使用骨髓衍生干细胞。在某些情况下，造血细胞和非造血（基质）细胞都可以分化为各种神经元和神经胶质谱系的细胞。据报道，神经干细胞除了能够为髓鞘再生和神经再生提供潜在来源外，还通过发挥直接的原位免疫调节作用来抑制实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）。我们实验室的初步结果表明，静脉内或脑内/脑室内注射骨髓衍生的基质细胞可以分化为神经元/神经胶质细胞，并抑制慢性EAE的临床症状。因此，骨髓干细胞和神经干细胞在MS中可能都具有治疗潜力。看来，MS未来的治疗策略应将免疫调节与神经保护方式相结合，以实现最大的临床效益。
