Abad Vivien C, Guilleminault Christian
Stanford University Sleep Disorders Clinic and Sleep Research Center, Stanford, Calif, USA.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2005;7(4):291-303. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2005.7.4/vabad.
Psychiatric disorders constitute 15.4% of the disease burden in established market economies. Many psychiatric disorders are associated with sleep disturbances, and the relationship is often bidirectional. This paper reviews the prevalence of various psychiatric disorders, their clinical presentation, and their association with sleep disorders. Among the psychiatric disorders reviewed are affective disorders, psychosis, anxiety disorders (including posttraumatic stress disorder), substance abuse disorders, eating disorders, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders. The spectrum of associated sleep disorders includes insomnia, hypersomnia, nocturnal panic, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, restless legs/periodic limb movements of sleep, obstructive sleep apnea, and parasomnias. The effects on sleep of various psychotropic medications utilized to treat the above psychiatric disorders are summarized.
在发达市场经济体中，精神疾病占疾病负担的15.4%。许多精神疾病与睡眠障碍有关，而且这种关系往往是双向的。本文综述了各种精神疾病的患病率、临床表现及其与睡眠障碍的关联。所综述的精神疾病包括情感障碍、精神病、焦虑症（包括创伤后应激障碍）、物质滥用障碍、进食障碍和注意力缺陷多动障碍。相关睡眠障碍的范围包括失眠、嗜睡、夜间惊恐、睡眠瘫痪、入睡前幻觉、不宁腿/睡眠周期性肢体运动、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和异态睡眠。本文还总结了用于治疗上述精神疾病的各种精神药物对睡眠的影响。
