Street R L
Department of Speech Communication, Texas A & M University, College Station 77843-4234.
Soc Sci Med. 1992 May;34(10):1155-63. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90289-3.
This investigation compares the degree to which personal and interactive factors respectively account for variation in patterns of physician-parent communicative exchange. The analysis of audiorecordings of 115 pediatric consultations revealed several notable findings: (a) individual physicians differed in the degree to which each provided information, issued directives, exhibited positive socioemotional behavior, and engaged in partnership-building, (b) parents who asked more questions and expressed more negative affect (e.g. concerns, frustrations) received more information and directives from physicians, (c) parents who were more affectively expressive elicited a greater number of positive socioemotional comments from doctors, and (d) parents' question-asking and opinion-giving were related to the parents' level of education and the degree to which physicians' engaged in partnership-building. The results of this study suggest that, as are other forms of interpersonal communication, medical consultations are processes of personal and mutual influence that unfold according to the characteristics of the individuals and to interactive processes related to how interactants adapt their communication to one another.
本研究比较了个人因素和互动因素分别在多大程度上导致了医患沟通模式的差异。对115次儿科会诊录音的分析得出了几个显著的结果：（a）不同医生在提供信息、发出指令、表现出积极的社会情感行为以及建立合作关系等方面的程度有所不同；（b）提问较多且表达更多负面情绪（如担忧、沮丧）的家长从医生那里获得了更多信息和指令；（c）情感表达更丰富的家长从医生那里得到了更多积极的社会情感回应；（d）家长提问和发表意见的情况与家长的教育程度以及医生建立合作关系的程度有关。本研究结果表明，与其他形式的人际沟通一样，医疗会诊是一个个人与相互影响的过程，它根据个体的特征以及互动者如何相互调整沟通方式的互动过程而展开。
