Courtenay Glenn Christopher, Gladstone William, Schreider Maria
University of Newcastle, Ourimbah Campus, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia.
Environ Monit Assess. 2005 Aug;107(1-3):375-98. doi: 10.1007/s10661-005-3545-9.
Measurement of intertidal rock assemblages was investigated as a potential biological indicator to provide a quantitative estimate of the impact of urbanised catchment discharge on the estuaries of Sydney, Australia, from 1995 to 1999. Based on the presence and characteristics of adjacent human activities, sampling locations were categorised as: Bush; Urban; Urban with Sewer Overflows; and Industry with Sewer Overflows. In Sydney Harbour, variation in assemblage structure was measured between most impact categories, however differences between impact categories were not consistent for each year. Nevertheless, in years of above average rainfall (1998-1999), reference assemblages adjacent to national parks and distant from urbanisation were different to all other putatively impacted assemblages. Variability within assemblages was least at reference locations in each year and greatest at locations adjacent to stormwater canals and sewer overflows, particularly in 1998-1999. Variation in assemblage structure in Sydney estuaries was most strongly correlated with chlorophyll--a concentrations. Univariate analysis also identified highly significant differences for a number of factors, however, interactions between year, impact categories and location for numerous analyses, confounded the differentiation between impact categories. The results suggest that intertidal rock assemblages in Sydney Harbour and surrounding estuaries appear to be responding to the quality and quantity of discharge from urbanised catchments and, furthermore, that assemblages are more suitable than individual taxa to indicate the difference between Bush and anthropogenically disturbed estuarine locations.
1995年至1999年期间，对潮间带岩石群落的测量进行了调查，以此作为一种潜在的生物指标，用于定量评估城市化集水区排放对澳大利亚悉尼河口的影响。根据相邻人类活动的存在情况和特征，采样地点被分类为：灌木丛；城市；有下水道溢流的城市；以及有下水道溢流的工业区。在悉尼港，大多数影响类别之间的群落结构存在差异，然而，每年影响类别之间的差异并不一致。尽管如此，在降雨量高于平均水平的年份（1998 - 1999年），与国家公园相邻且远离城市化区域的对照群落与所有其他假定受影响的群落不同。每年对照地点的群落内部变异性最小，而在雨水渠和下水道溢流附近的地点变异性最大，尤其是在1998 - 1999年。悉尼河口群落结构的变化与叶绿素 - a浓度的相关性最强。单变量分析还确定了许多因素存在高度显著差异，然而，在众多分析中，年份、影响类别和地点之间的相互作用混淆了影响类别之间的区分。结果表明，悉尼港及周边河口的潮间带岩石群落似乎对城市化集水区排放的质量和数量做出了响应，此外，群落比单个分类单元更适合指示灌木丛和受人为干扰的河口位置之间的差异。
