[Surgical indications and technique of persistent and recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax].

The thoracotomy is the most invasive and most effective method for treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. This method is indicated not only for recurrent pneumothoraces but also if conservative treatment does not induce expansion of lung. The primary operation is indicated absolutely in only some cases (spontaneous hemopneumothorax, pneumothorax in pregnancy). Today it is possible to operate for relative indications: Surgery has a small rate of complications, mortality and relapse (below 1%). The operation removes the causes of pneumothorax and protect for relapse of the pneumothorax via pleurodesis with mechanical irritation of the pleural surface.