Farnham John W
Respiratory Care Services, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Crit Care. 2006 Feb;10(1):207. doi: 10.1186/cc3944.
When communications are needed the most desperately and most urgently, the difficulty of effecting the desired communications increases exponentially. Recent natural disasters in different parts of the world have provided eloquent testament to this. The history of disaster or emergency communications can provide us with a foundation for understanding the problems encountered today, and can offer us insight into how we might improve the systems and processes for communications. The first applications of communication technology that allowed messages to be sent more rapidly than the fastest form of transportation were mainly military in origin. This review takes us from the days of optical or visual telegraphy, through the early development of mobile and radio communications, and up to the current sophisticated technologies. We pay particular attention to the use of amateur radio operators in times of emergency, and relate their activities to those of the most effective military communications. The germane assumption made in this discussion is that any emergency or disaster communications would necessarily be involved in response and resolution of medical aspects of those emergencies.
在最急需和最紧迫需要通信的时候，实现所需通信的难度会呈指数级增加。世界不同地区最近发生的自然灾害就是这一点的有力证明。灾难或应急通信的历史可以为我们理解当今遇到的问题提供基础，并能让我们深入了解如何改进通信系统和流程。最早能使信息传递速度超过最快运输方式的通信技术应用主要源于军事领域。这篇综述将带我们从光学或视觉电报时代，历经移动和无线电通信的早期发展，直至当前的尖端技术。我们特别关注业余无线电操作员在紧急情况下的使用情况，并将他们的活动与最有效的军事通信活动联系起来。本次讨论所做的相关假设是，任何紧急情况或灾难通信必然会涉及到这些紧急情况医疗方面的应对和解决。
