Damur-Djuric Natascha, Steffen Frank, Hässig Michael, Morgan Joe P, Flückiger Mark A
Section of Neurology, Department of Small Animal Clinics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2006 Jan-Feb;47(1):32-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2005.00102.x.
The prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LTV) was determined by reviewing the pelvic radiographs of 4000 medium- and large-breed dogs of 144 breeds routinely screened for canine hip dysplasia. An LTV was seen in 138 (3.5%) dogs. The prevalence was higher in German Shepherd dogs and Greater Swiss Mountain dogs than in the other breeds, suggesting a genetic predisposition. There was no gender predisposition. The transverse processes of the LTV were divided into three types based on their morphological characteristics: lumbar type or type 1; intermediate type or type 2; and sacral type or type 3. In a symmetric LTV, both transverse processes are of the same type, while in an asymmetric LTV they are not. The frequency of occurrence of symmetric and asymmetric LTV was similar. In symmetric LTV, intermediate-type transverse processes predominated. Most of the asymmetric LTV had an intermediate-type transverse process combined with a lumbar or sacral type, respectively. Highly asymmetric LTV were often angled relative to the adjacent vertebrae. We hypothesize that an LTV is not the result of transformation of a lumbar into a sacral vertebra or vice versa, but rather is an autonomous intermediate type of vertebra. It occurs when the point of contact of the pelvis with the vertebral column is slightly cranial or caudal to its normal position. The resulting formative stimulus on the vertebral ossification centers, sagittally still separated, causes the various morphologies seen in LTV including the asymmetric variations.
通过回顾4000只144个品种大中型犬的骨盆X光片来确定腰骶部移行椎（LTV）的患病率，这些犬是因犬髋关节发育不良而接受常规筛查的。在138只（3.5%）犬中发现了LTV。德国牧羊犬和大瑞士山地犬的患病率高于其他品种，提示存在遗传易感性。不存在性别易感性。根据LTV横突的形态特征将其分为三种类型：腰椎型或1型；中间型或2型；骶骨型或3型。在对称的LTV中，两个横突属于同一类型，而在不对称的LTV中则不是。对称和不对称LTV的发生频率相似。在对称LTV中，中间型横突占主导。大多数不对称LTV分别有一个中间型横突与腰椎型或骶骨型横突相结合。高度不对称的LTV通常相对于相邻椎体成角。我们推测LTV不是腰椎向骶椎转化的结果，反之亦然，而是一种自主的中间型椎体。当骨盆与脊柱的接触点略高于或低于其正常位置时就会出现。对矢状面仍分离的椎体骨化中心产生的形成性刺激导致了LTV中出现的各种形态，包括不对称变异。
