Postnatal development of P2 receptors in the murine gastrointestinal tract.

The actions of purine and pyrimidine compounds on isolated segments of the mouse intestine were investigated during postnatal development. The localization of P2Y(1), P2Y(2), P2Y(4), P2X(1,) P2X(2) and P2X(3) receptors were examined immunohistochemically, and levels of expression of P2Y(1), P2X(1) and P2X(2) were studied by Western immunoblot. From day 12 onwards, the order of potency for relaxation of longitudinal muscle of all regions was 2-MeSADP>or=alpha,beta-meATP>or=ATP=UTP=adenosine, suggesting P2Y(1) receptors. This was supported by the sensitivity of responses to 2-MeSADP to the selective antagonist MRS 2179 and P2Y(1) receptor immunoreactivity on longitudinal muscle and a subpopulation of myenteric neurons. A further alpha,beta-meATP-sensitive P2Y receptor subtype was also indicated. ATP and UTP were equipotent suggesting a P2Y(2) and/or P2Y(4) receptor. Adenosine relaxed the longitudinal muscle in all regions via P1 receptors. The efficacy of all agonists to induce relaxation of raised tone preparations increased with age, being comparable to adult by day 20, the weaning age. During postnatal development the contractile response of the ileum and colon was via P2Y(1) receptors, while the relaxant response mediated by P2Y(1) receptors gradually appeared along the mouse gastrointestinal tract, being detectable in the stomach from day 3 and in the duodenum from day 6. In the ileum and colon relaxant responses to 2-MeSADP were not detected until days 8 and 12, respectively. 2-MeSADP induced contractions on basal tone preparations from day 3, but decreased significantly at day 12 and disappeared by day 20. At day 8, contractions of colonic longitudinal muscle to ATP showed no desensitisation suggesting the involvement of P2X(2) receptors. Immunoreactivity to P2X(2) receptors only was observed on the longitudinal muscle of the colon and ileum from day 1 and on a subpopulation of myenteric neurons from day 3. These data suggest that P2Y(1) receptors undergo postnatal developmental changes in the mouse gut, with a shift from contraction to relaxation. Such changes occur 1 week before weaning and may contribute to the changes that take place in the gut when the food composition changes from maternal milk to solid food.