Ylöstalo P V, Knuuttila M L
Department of Periodontology and Geriatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
J Clin Periodontol. 2006 Feb;33(2):104-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00886.x.
There is large variation in the results of studies on the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases. The variation might be explained by the fact that the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases is confounded, or the association might be modified by extraneous factors. In this article, we show, using simple examples, how confounding and effect modification may cause variation in results. In addition, these examples show that uncontrolled or partially controlled confounders can induce spurious associations.
Confounding and effect modification may explain the variation in the results of studies on the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases.
关于牙周炎与全身性疾病关联的研究结果存在很大差异。这种差异可能是由于牙周炎与全身性疾病之间的关联存在混杂因素，或者这种关联可能会受到外部因素的影响。在本文中，我们通过简单的例子展示了混杂因素和效应修饰如何导致结果的差异。此外，这些例子表明，未控制或部分控制的混杂因素会导致虚假关联。
混杂因素和效应修饰可能解释了牙周炎与全身性疾病关联研究结果的差异。
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