Vallé Karine, Belleville Philippe, Pereira Franck, Sanchez Clément
Laboratoire Sol-Gel, Département Matériaux, CEA/Le Ripault, BP16 37260 Monts, France.
Nat Mater. 2006 Feb;5(2):107-11. doi: 10.1038/nmat1570. Epub 2006 Jan 29.
The elaborate performances characterizing natural materials result from functional hierarchical constructions at scales ranging from nanometres to millimetres, each construction allowing the material to fit the physical or chemical demands occurring at these different levels. Hierarchically structured materials start to demonstrate a high input in numerous promising applied domains such as sensors, catalysis, optics, fuel cells, smart biologic and cosmetic vectors. In particular, hierarchical hybrid materials permit the accommodation of a maximum of elementary functions in a small volume, thereby optimizing complementary possibilities and properties between inorganic and organic components. The reported strategies combine sol-gel chemistry, self-assembly routes using templates that tune the material's architecture and texture with the use of larger inorganic, organic or biological templates such as latex, organogelator-derived fibres, nanolithographic techniques or controlled phase separation. We propose an approach to forming transparent hierarchical hybrid functionalized membranes using in situ generation of mesostructured hybrid phases inside a non-porogenic hydrophobic polymeric host matrix. We demonstrate that the control of the multiple affinities existing between organic and inorganic components allows us to design the length-scale partitioning of hybrid nanomaterials with tuned functionalities and desirable size organization from ångström to centimetre. After functionalization of the mesoporous hybrid silica component, the resulting membranes have good ionic conductivity offering interesting perspectives for the design of solid electrolytes, fuel cells and other ion-transport microdevices.
天然材料所具有的精细性能源于从纳米到毫米尺度的功能分级结构，每种结构都使材料能够满足在这些不同层面出现的物理或化学需求。分级结构材料开始在众多有前景的应用领域展现出巨大潜力，如传感器、催化、光学、燃料电池、智能生物和化妆品载体等。特别是，分级杂化材料能够在小体积内容纳最多的基本功能，从而优化无机和有机成分之间的互补可能性及性能。所报道的策略结合了溶胶 - 凝胶化学、使用模板的自组装路线，这些模板通过使用更大的无机、有机或生物模板（如乳胶、有机凝胶衍生纤维、纳米光刻技术或可控相分离）来调整材料的结构和质地。我们提出一种方法，即在非致孔疏水性聚合物主体基质内原位生成介观结构杂化相，以形成透明的分级杂化功能化膜。我们证明，控制有机和无机成分之间存在的多种亲和力，使我们能够设计具有可调功能和从埃到厘米的理想尺寸组织的杂化纳米材料的长度尺度分区。在对介孔杂化二氧化硅成分进行功能化后，所得膜具有良好的离子导电性，为固体电解质、燃料电池和其他离子传输微器件的设计提供了有趣的前景。
