Saffarzadeh Amirhomayoun, Shimaoka Takayuki, Motomura Yoshinobu, Watanabe Koichiro
Department of Earth Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
Waste Manag. 2006;26(12):1443-52. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.12.005. Epub 2006 Jan 30.
This paper provides the results of studies on the characteristics of novel material derived from pyrolysis/melting treatment of municipal solid waste in Japan. Slag products from pyrolysis/melting plants were sampled for the purpose of detailed phase analysis and characterization of heavy metal-containing phases using optical microscopy, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), XRF and XRD. The study revealed that the slag material contains glass (over 95%), oxide and silicate minerals (spinel, melilite, pseudowollastonite), as well as individual metallic inclusions as the major constituents. A distinct chemical diversity was discovered in the interstitial glass in terms of silica content defined as low and high silica glass end members. Elevated concentrations of Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb and Ba were recorded in the bulk composition. Cu, Pb and Ba behave as incompatible elements since they have been markedly characterized as part of polymetallic alloys and insignificantly sulfides in the form of spherical metallic inclusions associated with tracer amounts of other elements such as Sb, Sn, Ni, Zn, Al, P and Si. In contrast, an appreciable amount of Zn is retained by zinc-rich end members of spinel and partially by melilite and silica glass. Chromium exhibits similar behavior, and is considerably held by Cr-rich spinel. The intense incorporation of Zn and Cr into spinel indicates the very effective enrichment of these two elements into phases more environmentally resistant than glass. There was no evidence, however, that Cu and Pb enter into the structure of the crystalline silicates or oxides that may lead to their easier leachability upon exposure to the environment.
本文给出了对日本城市固体废物热解/熔融处理所得新型材料特性的研究结果。为了使用光学显微镜、电子探针微分析（EPMA）、X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对含重金属相进行详细的相分析和表征，对热解/熔融工厂的炉渣产品进行了采样。研究表明，炉渣材料的主要成分包括玻璃（超过95%）、氧化物和硅酸盐矿物（尖晶石、黄长石、假硅灰石）以及单个金属夹杂物。根据定义的低硅玻璃和高硅玻璃端元，在间隙玻璃中发现了明显的化学多样性。在整体成分中记录到锌、铬、铜、铅和钡的浓度升高。铜、铅和钡表现为不相容元素，因为它们已被显著表征为多金属合金的一部分，而以球形金属夹杂物形式存在的硫化物含量极少，这些夹杂物还含有微量的其他元素，如锑、锡、镍、锌、铝、磷和硅。相比之下，相当数量的锌被尖晶石的富锌端元保留，部分被黄长石和硅玻璃保留。铬表现出类似的行为，大量被富铬尖晶石保留。锌和铬大量掺入尖晶石表明这两种元素非常有效地富集到比玻璃更具环境抗性的相中。然而，没有证据表明铜和铅进入结晶硅酸盐或氧化物的结构中，而这可能导致它们在暴露于环境时更容易被浸出。
