Legaz Arrese A, Serrano Ostáriz E, Jcasajús Mallén J A, Munguía Izquierdo D
Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, University of Saragossa, Saragossa, Spain.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2005 Dec;45(4):435-40.
The relationship between VO2max (mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)) and running performance has been assessed in cross-sectional studies. Follow-up studies of the long-term effects of running training on the changes in performance and VO2max have not been undertaken.
Twenty-five male endurance-trained (MET) and 8 female endurance-trained (FET) athletes were tracked over 4 years. In each event the athletes were divided into Class A, including half the number of athletes with the best performances, and Class B. VO2max, examined at the end of the competitive season, and the best performance was chosen each year.
After 3 years of training, in MET and FET athletes the performance improved by 1.77% and 0.69% (P<0.01 and P=0.579), respectively. In Class A runners, training resulted in non-significant increase in performance (-0.04%) (P=0.982) and in Class B runners, performance increased by 3.16% (P=0.001). In all groups VO(2max) remained essentially unchanged. Longitudinal changes in the VO2max were not related with the changes in running performance in any group.
This study show than in older runners with more years of training, heavy training does not produce improvements in running performance neither changes in the VO2max. It is possible that these elite athletes have reached the plateau in their performance; although unlikely, some improvement in training techniques may happen and break the present limit. In younger runners with less years of training, heavy training produce improvements in running performance without changes in the VO2max. These athletes that had not attained his biological limits at the beginning of study improved the performance in competition and it is quite probable that this improvement be due to training. The changes in performance were not related to changes in VO2max. Consequently, another physiological or psychological variables must be studied by longitudinal form to explain the variability of performance in competition.
在横断面研究中评估了最大摄氧量（毫升×千克⁻¹×分钟⁻¹）与跑步成绩之间的关系。尚未开展关于跑步训练对成绩和最大摄氧量变化的长期影响的随访研究。
对25名男性耐力训练（MET）运动员和8名女性耐力训练（FET）运动员进行了4年的跟踪。在每个项目中，运动员被分为A组（包括表现最佳的一半运动员）和B组。在竞技赛季结束时检测最大摄氧量，并每年选取最佳成绩。
经过3年训练，MET和FET运动员的成绩分别提高了1.77%和0.69%（P<0.01和P = 0.579）。在A组跑步运动员中，训练导致成绩无显著提高（-0.04%）（P = 0.982），而在B组跑步运动员中，成绩提高了3.16%（P = 0.001）。在所有组中，最大摄氧量基本保持不变。最大摄氧量的纵向变化与任何组的跑步成绩变化均无关。
本研究表明，在训练年限较长的老年跑步运动员中，高强度训练既不能提高跑步成绩，也不能改变最大摄氧量。这些精英运动员的成绩可能已达到平台期；尽管可能性不大，但训练技术可能会有所改进并突破当前的极限。在训练年限较短的年轻跑步运动员中，高强度训练可提高跑步成绩而不改变最大摄氧量。这些在研究开始时未达到其生理极限的运动员在比赛中提高了成绩，很可能这种提高归因于训练。成绩变化与最大摄氧量变化无关。因此，必须通过纵向研究其他生理或心理变量来解释比赛成绩的变异性。
