Lane Kimberly S, Chu Susan Y, Santoli Jeanne M
Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Mar 1;42 Suppl 3:S125-9. doi: 10.1086/499591.
The initial goal of the national vaccine stockpile program was to establish a 6-month supply of all recommended childhood vaccines, to meet national demands if a manufacturing process was interrupted. When the first vaccine stockpiles were created in 1983, the childhood immunization schedule was much less complicated than it is today, and the first stockpiles included only measles-mumps-rubella, poliovirus, and pertussis vaccines, as well as diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. However, today's vaccine needs are much greater, and current stockpiles do not include all recommended childhood vaccines, partially because inclusion of vaccines that are universally recommended, fully implemented, and produced by a single manufacturer has been made a priority. Future planning must also consider substantially higher vaccine costs, the development of new combination vaccines, a wide range of production times, and changes in immunization recommendations. Expansion and strengthening of the national vaccine stockpile program are critical to protect against future disruptions in vaccine supply.
国家疫苗储备计划的最初目标是建立所有推荐儿童疫苗的6个月供应量，以便在制造过程中断时满足国家需求。1983年创建首批疫苗储备时，儿童免疫接种计划远没有如今复杂，首批储备仅包括麻疹-腮腺炎-风疹疫苗、脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗、百日咳疫苗以及白喉和破伤风类毒素。然而，如今的疫苗需求要大得多，目前的储备并不包括所有推荐的儿童疫苗，部分原因是优先纳入了普遍推荐、全面实施且由单一制造商生产的疫苗。未来规划还必须考虑大幅上涨的疫苗成本、新联合疫苗的研发、广泛的生产时间以及免疫接种建议的变化。扩大和加强国家疫苗储备计划对于防范未来疫苗供应中断至关重要。
