Khawam Ammar, Flanagan Douglas R
Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
J Pharm Sci. 2006 Mar;95(3):472-98. doi: 10.1002/jps.20559.
Most solid-state kinetic principles were derived from those for homogenous phases in the past century. Rate laws describing solid-state degradation are more complex than those in homogenous phases. Solid-state kinetic reactions can be mechanistically classified as nucleation, geometrical contraction, diffusion, and reaction order models. Experimentally, solid-state kinetics is studied either isothermally or nonisothermally. Many mathematical methods have been developed to interpret experimental data for both heating protocols. These methods generally fall into one of two categories: model-fitting and model-free. Controversies have arisen with regard to interpreting solid-state kinetic results, which include variable activation energy, calculation methods, and kinetic compensation effects. Solid-state kinetic studies have appeared in the pharmaceutical literature over many years; some of the more recent ones are discussed in this review.
大多数固态动力学原理是在上个世纪从均相体系的原理推导而来的。描述固态降解的速率定律比均相体系中的更为复杂。固态动力学反应在机理上可分为成核、几何收缩、扩散和反应级数模型。在实验中，固态动力学是通过等温或非等温方式进行研究的。已经开发了许多数学方法来解释这两种加热方案的实验数据。这些方法通常可分为两类：模型拟合和无模型方法。在解释固态动力学结果方面出现了一些争议，包括活化能的变化、计算方法和动力学补偿效应。多年来，固态动力学研究已出现在药学文献中；本文综述了一些较新的研究。
