Marins Vania M R, Almeida Renan M V R, Pereira Rosangela A, Sichieri Roseli
Nutrition College, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.
J Biosoc Sci. 2007 Mar;39(2):221-9. doi: 10.1017/S0021932006001246. Epub 2006 Feb 1.
The objective of this study was to analyse the association between socioeconomic indicators and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adult residents of Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil. Data were obtained by direct interview and physical examination in a population-based cross-sectional study in the city of Rio de Janeiro, 1995-96. Subjects were selected by two-stage random sampling and information was collected on socioeconomic, anthropometric and demographic characteristics, as well as on existing risk factors for cardiovascular disease. An index to express the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was built, based on the presence of two or more of the following risk factors: overweight (measured by the body mass index, BMI), fat location (measured by the waist-hip ratio index, WHR), smoking, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle and alcohol consumption. The association between this risk index and the socioeconomic variables level of schooling, per capita income and residence location (slum vs non-slum) was evaluated through logistic regression models that controlled for the age of the subjects. Two separate models were built, according to the gender of the subjects. Complete data were collected for 1413 males and 1866 females over the age of 20 years (82% of the intended sample). In the studied population, a considerable prevalence of risk for CVD was found: 42.2% among males and 65.4% among females. For males, the socioeconomic and demographic indicators retained in the logistic model were age (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01), level of schooling (1.77, 95% CI 1.39-2.26) and per capita income (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.97). For females, the indicators retained were age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.02) and level of schooling (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.84-2.77). The findings indicate that cardiovascular disease risk is already an alarming problem in the urban populations of developing countries, and that educational level is the most important socioeconomic factor associated with its presence.
本研究的目的是分析巴西里约热内卢市成年居民的社会经济指标与心血管疾病风险因素之间的关联。数据通过1995 - 1996年在里约热内卢市进行的一项基于人群的横断面研究中的直接访谈和体格检查获得。通过两阶段随机抽样选取研究对象，并收集了有关社会经济、人体测量和人口统计学特征以及现有心血管疾病风险因素的信息。基于以下两种或更多风险因素的存在构建了一个表示心血管疾病（CVD）风险的指数：超重（通过体重指数，BMI测量）、脂肪分布位置（通过腰臀比指数，WHR测量）、吸烟、高血压、久坐不动的生活方式和饮酒。通过控制研究对象年龄的逻辑回归模型评估了该风险指数与社会经济变量教育水平、人均收入和居住地点（贫民窟与非贫民窟）之间的关联。根据研究对象的性别构建了两个单独的模型。收集了1413名20岁以上男性和1866名20岁以上女性的完整数据（占预期样本的82%）。在研究人群中，发现心血管疾病风险的患病率相当高：男性为42.2%，女性为65.4%。对于男性，逻辑模型中保留的社会经济和人口统计学指标为年龄（OR 1.01，95% CI 1.00 - 1.01）、教育水平（1.77，95% CI 1.39 - 2.26）和人均收入（OR 0.77，95% CI 0.61 - 0.97）。对于女性，保留的指标为年龄（OR 1.02，95% CI 1.01 - 1.02）和教育水平（OR 2.26，95% CI 1.84 - 2.77）。研究结果表明，心血管疾病风险在发展中国家的城市人口中已经是一个令人担忧的问题，并且教育水平是与其存在相关的最重要的社会经济因素。
