Werneke Ursula, Turner Trevor, Priebe Stefan
Division of Psychiatry, Homerton University Hospital, East Wing, Homerton Row, London E9 6SR, UK.
Br J Psychiatry. 2006 Feb;188:109-21. doi: 10.1192/bjp.188.2.109.
The use of complementary medicines in those with mental health problems is well documented. However, their effectiveness is often not established and they may be less harmless than commonly assumed.
To review the complementary medicines routinely encountered in psychiatric practice, their effectiveness, potential adverse effects and interactions.
Electronic and manual literature search on the effectiveness and safety of psychotropic complementary medicines.
Potentially useful substances include ginkgo and hydergine as cognitive enhancers, passion flower and valerian as sedatives, St John's wort and s-adenosylmethionine as antidepressants, and selenium and folate to complement antidepressants. The evidence is less conclusive for the use of omega-3 fatty acids as augmentation treatment in schizophrenia, melatonin for tardive dyskinesia and 18-methoxycoronaridine, an ibogaine derivative, for the treatment of cocaine and heroin addiction.
Systematic clinical trials are needed to test promising substances. Meanwhile, those wishing to take psychotropic complementary medicines require appropriate advice.
心理健康问题患者使用补充药物的情况已有充分记载。然而，其有效性往往尚未确立，而且它们可能不像通常认为的那样无害。
回顾在精神科实践中经常遇到的补充药物、它们的有效性、潜在不良反应及相互作用。
通过电子和手工方式检索关于精神活性补充药物有效性和安全性的文献。
潜在有用的物质包括作为认知增强剂的银杏和海得琴，作为镇静剂的西番莲和缬草，作为抗抑郁药的圣约翰草和S-腺苷甲硫氨酸，以及作为抗抑郁药辅助成分的硒和叶酸。对于使用ω-3脂肪酸作为精神分裂症增效治疗、褪黑素治疗迟发性运动障碍以及18-甲氧基冠狗牙花定（一种伊博格碱衍生物）治疗可卡因和海洛因成瘾，证据尚不确凿。
需要进行系统的临床试验来测试有前景的物质。同时，那些希望服用精神活性补充药物的人需要适当的建议。
