Barengo Noël C, Kastarinen Mika, Lakka Timo, Nissinen Aulikki, Tuomilehto Jaakko
Department of Public Health and General Practice, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006 Feb;13(1):51-9. doi: 10.1097/00149831-200602000-00008.
There is convincing evidence that regular physical activity reduces risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among men. However, only a few studies have been conducted among women. Most previous studies have focused on the effects of leisure-time physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors, without considering the impact of occupational or commuting physical activity.
Four independent cross-sectional surveys were carried out at 5-year intervals within the framework of the FINMONICA studies in 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997.
An independent random sample was drawn from the national population register for each survey. The samples were stratified by sex and 10-year age categories according to the WHO MONICA protocol. The survey consisted of a self-administered questionnaire.
Not only leisure-time physical activity, but also commuting activity was directly associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and was inversely related to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference among both men and women. High occupational physical activity was related to high HDL-cholesterol levels and high total serum cholesterol levels in both sexes and to lower BMI, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in men. High leisure-time physical activity was associated with reduced DBP among both men and women, whereas high occupational physical activity was related to lower DBP only among men.
Not only leisure-time physical activity but also commuting activity is associated with reduced levels of some cardiovascular risk factors. All forms of physical activity should be promoted to reduce CVD in the population.
有确凿证据表明，规律的体育活动可降低男性心血管疾病（CVD）的风险因素。然而，针对女性的此类研究较少。以往大多数研究聚焦于休闲时间体育活动对心血管风险因素的影响，未考虑职业或通勤体育活动的作用。
在芬兰人群心血管疾病监测（FINMONICA）研究框架内，于1982年、1987年、1992年和1997年每隔5年进行4次独立的横断面调查。
每次调查均从国家人口登记册中抽取独立随机样本。样本按照世界卫生组织心血管疾病监测（WHO MONICA）方案按性别和10岁年龄组分层。调查采用自填式问卷。
无论男性还是女性，不仅休闲时间体育活动，通勤活动也与高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇直接相关，与体重指数（BMI）和腰围呈负相关。高强度职业体育活动与两性的高HDL胆固醇水平和高总血清胆固醇水平相关，与男性较低的BMI、腰围和舒张压（DBP）相关。高强度休闲时间体育活动与男性和女性的DBP降低相关，而高强度职业体育活动仅与男性较低的DBP相关。
不仅休闲时间体育活动，通勤活动也与某些心血管风险因素水平降低相关。应推广所有形式的体育活动以降低人群中的心血管疾病。
