Hesse Albrecht, Straub Michael
Department of Urology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Urol Res. 2006 Apr;34(2):126-30. doi: 10.1007/s00240-005-0024-2. Epub 2006 Feb 1.
This article outlines the recent state of the art in the metabolic diagnosis of stone disease. The current literature in the field of urolithiasis-including the existing German and EAU-Guidelines as well as the Conference Book of the 1st International Consultation on Stone Disease-was critically reviewed. As far as possible the references were rated according to the EBM criteria. The occurrence of stone disease in the western world is increasing greatly. Modern lifestyle, dietary habits and excess weight-problems of affluent societies-are emerging as the important promoters of the "stone boom" in the new millennium. This even affects children, whose stone prevalence is otherwise significantly less than that of adults. Criteria for the high-risk group of stone formers were clearly defined. A diagnostic standard is formulated for the basic and the elaborate metabolic evaluation of a stone patient. The diagnostic pathways for the most important stone types and metabolic disorders, respectively, are described. The present concept allows a precise risk classification of each stone former and facilitates the decision whether stone-specific measures in addition to the basic metaphylaxis are recommendable or not.
本文概述了结石病代谢诊断的最新技术水平。对尿石症领域的当前文献——包括现有的德国和欧洲泌尿外科学会指南以及第一届国际结石病咨询会议的会议手册——进行了批判性综述。尽可能根据循证医学标准对参考文献进行评级。西方世界结石病的发病率正在大幅上升。现代生活方式、饮食习惯和超重——富裕社会的问题——正成为新千年“结石热潮”的重要推动因素。这甚至影响到儿童，否则他们的结石患病率明显低于成年人。明确界定了结石形成高危人群的标准。为结石患者的基础和详细代谢评估制定了诊断标准。分别描述了最重要的结石类型和代谢紊乱的诊断途径。目前的概念允许对每个结石形成者进行精确的风险分类，并有助于决定除基本预防措施外是否推荐采取针对结石的措施。
