McSweeney F K, Hinson J M
Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman 99164-4820.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1992 Jul;58(1):19-36. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1992.58-19.
Rates of responding changed systematically across sessions for rats pressing levers and keys and for pigeons pressing treadles and pecking keys. A bitonic function in which response rates increased and then decreased across sessions was the most common finding, although an increase in responding also occurred alone. The change in response rate was usually large. The function relating responding to time in session had the following general characteristics: It appeared early in training, and further experience moved and reduced its peak; it was flatter for longer sessions; and it was flatter, more symmetrical, and peaked later for lower than for higher rates of reinforcement. Factors related to reinforcement exerted more control over the location of the peak rate of responding and the steepness of the decline in response rates than did factors related to responding. These within-session changes in response rates have fundamental theoretical and methodological implications.
对于按压杠杆和按键的大鼠以及踩踏踏板和啄击按键的鸽子，反应速率在各实验阶段呈现出系统性变化。最常见的发现是一种双调函数，即反应速率在各实验阶段先升高后降低，不过反应速率单独升高的情况也会出现。反应速率的变化通常很大。反应与实验阶段时间的函数具有以下一般特征：它在训练早期出现，进一步的经验会使其峰值移动并降低；对于较长的实验阶段，它更平缓；对于较低强化率，它比高强化率时更平缓、更对称且峰值出现得更晚。与强化相关的因素对反应峰值速率的位置和反应速率下降的陡度的控制，比与反应相关的因素更强。这些实验阶段内反应速率的变化具有重要的理论和方法学意义。
