Wanchisen B A, Tatham T A, Hineline P N
Temple University.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1992 Jul;58(1):67-85. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1992.58-67.
College undergraduates were given repeated opportunities to choose between a fixed-ratio and a progressive-ratio schedule of reinforcement. Completions of a progressive-ratio schedule produced points (exchangeable for money) and incremented that response requirement by 20 responses with each consecutive choice. In the reset condition, completion of a fixed ratio produced the same number of points and also reset the progressive ratio back to its initial value. In the no-reset condition, the progressive ratio continued to increase by increments of 20 throughout the session with each successive selection of this schedule, irrespective of fixed-ratio choices. Subjects' schedule choices were sensitive to parametric manipulations of the size of the fixed-ratio schedule and were consistent with predictions made on the basis of minimizing the number of responses emitted per point earned, which is a principle of most optimality theories. Also, the present results suggest that if data from human performances are to be compared with results for other species, humans should be exposed to schedules of reinforcement for long periods of time, as is commonly done with nonhuman subjects.
大学生被给予多次机会，在固定比率强化程序和渐进比率强化程序之间进行选择。完成渐进比率强化程序会产生点数（可兑换金钱），并且每次连续选择后，该反应要求会增加20次反应。在重置条件下，完成固定比率会产生相同数量的点数，并且还会将渐进比率重置回其初始值。在无重置条件下，无论固定比率选择如何，在整个实验过程中，每次连续选择此程序时，渐进比率都会以20的增量继续增加。受试者的程序选择对固定比率强化程序大小的参数操作敏感，并且与基于最小化每获得一点所发出的反应次数的预测一致，这是大多数最优性理论的一个原则。此外，目前的结果表明，如果要将人类行为的数据与其他物种的结果进行比较，应该让人类长时间接触强化程序，就像对非人类受试者通常所做的那样。
