DeGrandpre R J, Bickel W K, Higgins S T
University of Vermont, Burlington 05401-1419.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1992 Jul;58(1):9-18. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1992.58-9.
Conditional "if-then" relations between drug (interoceptive) stimuli and visual (exteroceptive) stimuli were taught to 4 normal humans. Interoceptive stimuli were the effects produced by 0.32 mg/70 kg triazolam (a prototypical benzodiazepine) and placebo (lactose-filled capsules); exteroceptive stimuli were black symbols on white flash cards. Following the training of the prerequisite conditional relations, tests of emergent relations were conducted between exteroceptive stimuli and between interoceptive and exteroceptive stimuli. Equivalence relations emerged immediately without explicit training for all 4 subjects. Accuracy of responding during the interoceptive-exteroceptive equivalence tests and subjects' self-reports showed consistent discrimination between the drug effects of triazolam and placebo. Finally, a generalization test assessed whether a novel visual stimulus presented in the context of the placebo (i.e., no drug) would generalize to visual stimuli belonging to the placebo stimulus class. All 3 subjects who completed this test reliably chose the visual stimuli belonging to the placebo class and not the visual stimuli belonging to the triazolam stimulus class. The development of equivalence relations between interoceptive and exteroceptive stimuli demonstrates that private and public stimulus events can emerge as members of the same equivalence class. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
研究人员向4名正常受试者传授了药物（内感受性）刺激与视觉（外感受性）刺激之间的条件性“如果-那么”关系。内感受性刺激是0.32毫克/70千克三唑仑（一种典型的苯二氮䓬类药物）和安慰剂（填充乳糖的胶囊）产生的效果；外感受性刺激是白色闪卡上的黑色符号。在对前提条件关系进行训练之后，研究人员对外感受性刺激之间以及内感受性和外感受性刺激之间进行了新出现关系的测试。对于所有4名受试者，等价关系在没有明确训练的情况下立即出现。在内感受性-外感受性等价测试期间的反应准确性以及受试者的自我报告显示，三唑仑和安慰剂的药物效果之间存在一致的区分。最后，一项泛化测试评估了在安慰剂（即无药物）背景下呈现的新视觉刺激是否会泛化到属于安慰剂刺激类别的视觉刺激。完成该测试的所有3名受试者都可靠地选择了属于安慰剂类别的视觉刺激，而不是属于三唑仑刺激类别的视觉刺激。内感受性和外感受性刺激之间等价关系的发展表明，私人和公共刺激事件可以作为同一等价类的成员出现。文中讨论了其理论和临床意义。
