McKee D D, Chappel J N
Department of Family Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno 89557-0046.
J Fam Pract. 1992 Aug;35(2):201, 205-8.
Spirituality is an important aspect of health care that is not often addressed in modern day primary medical practice. Controversy surrounds the role of spiritual issues in medical practice. Some of this stems from confusing spirituality with religion. This paper distinguishes between spiritual and religious issues and reviews the history of these issues in medicine, the growing medical literature in this area, and some practical guidelines for the practicing physician. The authors conclude that, when appropriate, spiritual issues should be addressed in patient care since they may have a positive impact on patient health and behavior, and recommend that the medical model be expanded to a biopsychosocial-spiritual one. The guidelines developed by the American Psychiatric Association provide a useful model for the practicing physician to follow. More research is needed in this area, but the authors conclude that enough is already known to support the inclusion of spiritual issues in medical education.
精神性是医疗保健的一个重要方面，而在现代初级医疗实践中却常常未得到关注。围绕精神问题在医疗实践中的作用存在争议。部分争议源于将精神性与宗教相混淆。本文区分了精神问题和宗教问题，并回顾了这些问题在医学中的历史、该领域不断增长的医学文献，以及为执业医师提供的一些实用指南。作者得出结论，在适当的时候，应在患者护理中关注精神问题，因为它们可能对患者的健康和行为产生积极影响，并建议将医学模式扩展为生物心理社会 - 精神模式。美国精神病学协会制定的指南为执业医师提供了一个有用的遵循模式。该领域还需要更多研究，但作者得出结论，现有的知识已足以支持在医学教育中纳入精神问题。
