Barnes L L, Plotnikoff G A, Fox K, Pendleton S
Spirituality and Child Health Initiative, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center and Medical Anthropology, Massachusetts, USA.
Pediatrics. 2000 Oct;106(4 Suppl):899-908.
Religious practices such as prayer represent the most prevalent complementary and alternative therapies in the United States. However, biomedicine has sometimes viewed faith and related religious worldviews as relevant only when they obstruct implementation of scientifically sound biomedical care. Recent efforts to arrive at a new synthesis raise challenges for pediatricians. This article reviews theories of child faith development, and models of child spirituality from different disciplinary perspectives. It provides sources illustrating how spirituality and religion may inform children's lives; play a part in children's moral formation, socialization, and induction into a sacred worldview; and provide the child with inner resources. It also suggests some of the positive and negative effects of spiritual and religious engagement. Second, this article examines aspects of spirituality and religion that parents may bring to bear in relation to their children's health. Third, this article addresses the spiritual and/or religious identity of the provider. These topics are discussed in the context of cultural competence and the related importance of religious diversity. The authors suggest 1) some approaches for appropriate inclusion of spirituality in clinical practice, 2) challenges for medical education, and 3) areas requiring further research.
诸如祈祷之类的宗教活动是美国最为普遍的补充和替代疗法。然而，生物医学有时认为，只有当信仰及相关宗教世界观阻碍合理的生物医学护理实施时，它们才具有相关性。近期为达成新的综合观点所做的努力给儿科医生带来了挑战。本文回顾了儿童信仰发展理论以及来自不同学科视角的儿童灵性模型。它提供了一些资料，说明灵性和宗教如何影响儿童的生活；如何在儿童的道德形成、社会化以及融入神圣世界观的过程中发挥作用；以及如何为儿童提供内在资源。它还指出了精神和宗教活动的一些积极和消极影响。其次，本文探讨了父母在孩子健康方面可能涉及的灵性和宗教方面。第三，本文论述了医疗服务提供者的精神和/或宗教身份。这些话题是在文化能力以及宗教多样性的相关重要性背景下进行讨论的。作者们提出了1）在临床实践中适当纳入灵性的一些方法，2）医学教育面临的挑战，以及3）需要进一步研究的领域。
