Dilorio Colleen, McCarty Frances, Denzmore Pamela
Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Room 262, 1520 Clifton Road, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
J Pediatr Psychol. 2006 Oct;31(9):917-27. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsj101. Epub 2006 Feb 1.
R.E.A.L. MEN (responsible, empowered, aware, living) is an HIV prevention project developed for fathers and their sons. The primary aim of R.E.A.L. MEN was to test the efficacy of an intervention to promote delay of sexual intercourse among 11- to 14-year-old adolescents and to enhance the father's role as a sexuality educator. In this article, we report the outcomes related to father-son communication about sex and the results of an exploratory analysis to test the hypothesis that the intervention effect on father-son communication about sex-related topics is mediated by the social cognitive variables of self-efficacy and outcome expectations.
Two hundred seventy-seven fathers and their sons enrolled in the study. Fathers randomized to the intervention group attended seven group sessions, and their sons attended the final session with them. Fathers and sons completed baseline and 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up assessments. The fathers who completed the 3-month follow-up assessment were included in the mediation analyses described in this article.
All the participants were male, most were African American (97%), and most fathers and sons reported residing in the same household. The mean age of father participants was 40.5 years; most had graduated from high school, and about 60% reported a yearly income over 30,000 dollars. Based on the results of mediation analyses, the data supported a mediation model that suggests that the effect of the intervention on father-son communication was mediated by differences in self-efficacy. A mediation effect for outcome expectations was weak and could not be validated using additional tests.
The mediation analysis provides some understanding of the role of self-efficacy and outcome expectations in promoting behavioral change. Understanding the active components of interventions can help refine the interventions to eliminate nonfunctioning components and enhance the active components leading to more streamlined programs.
“真正的男人”（有责任感、有自主权、有觉悟、懂得生活）是一个为父亲及其儿子开展的艾滋病毒预防项目。“真正的男人”的主要目标是测试一项干预措施的效果，该措施旨在促进11至14岁青少年推迟性行为，并加强父亲作为性教育者的角色。在本文中，我们报告了与父子间性话题交流相关的结果，以及一项探索性分析的结果，该分析旨在检验以下假设：干预措施对父子间性相关话题交流的影响是由自我效能感和结果期望等社会认知变量介导的。
277对父亲和儿子参与了该研究。被随机分配到干预组的父亲参加了七次小组会议，他们的儿子与他们一起参加了最后一次会议。父亲和儿子完成了基线评估以及3个月、6个月和12个月的随访评估。完成3个月随访评估的父亲被纳入本文所述的中介分析。
所有参与者均为男性，大多数是非洲裔美国人（97%），大多数父亲和儿子报告居住在同一家庭。父亲参与者的平均年龄为40.5岁；大多数人高中毕业，约60%的人报告年收入超过3万美元。基于中介分析的结果，数据支持了一个中介模型，该模型表明干预措施对父子交流的影响是由自我效能感的差异介导的。结果期望的中介效应较弱，无法通过额外测试得到验证。
中介分析有助于理解自我效能感和结果期望在促进行为改变中的作用。了解干预措施的有效成分有助于优化干预措施，去除无效成分，增强有效成分，从而使项目更加精简。
