Human leukocyte antigen haplotypes in the genetic control of immune response to measles-mumps-rubella vaccine.

To elucidate the contribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes and their genotypic combinations to immune status after measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination, 346 children 12-18 years of age were studied. The class I A29-Cw16-B44 haplotype was associated with lower levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody to both measles (P=.08) and mumps (P=.03) viral antigens. The A26-Cw12-B38 haplotype was associated with higher cellular immune responses to measles (P=.02) and mumps (P=.01) vaccine viruses. Subjects with the class II DRB103-DQB102-DPB104 haplotype had higher lymphoproliferative responses to measles virus (P=.01) and mumps virus (P=.006). The DRB115/16-DQB106-DPB103 haplotype was associated with high levels of IgG antibody to measles virus (P=.09) but low levels of IgG antibody to rubella virus (P=.02), whereas DRB104-DQB103-DPB103 was associated with high lymphoproliferative responses to both measles (P=.01) and rubella (P=.002) vaccine viruses. A26-Cw12-B38 was associated with both mumps virus-specific humoral (P=.007) and cell-mediated (P=.01) immune responses after 2 doses of MMR vaccine. Haplotype DRB104-DQB103-DPB1*03 was associated with both lower rubella virus IgG antibody levels (P=.02) and higher rubella virus-specific lymphoproliferation (P=.002). Better characterization of such HLA profiles could inform and improve the design of novel epitope-rich vaccines and help to predict protective immune responses at the individual and population level.