Szeszenia-Dabrowska Neonila, Wilczyńska Urszula, Szymczak Wiesław
Z Zakładu Epidemiologii Srodowiskowej, Instytutu Medycyny Pracy im prof dra med J Nofera w Lodzi.
Med Pr. 2005;56(4):275-84.
Our annual analysis of the epidemiology of occupational diseases is intended to indicate morbidity categories characterized by the highest risk of developing pathologies associated with working conditions and to assay variations in the frequency of those pathologies, depending on occupational exposure, medical factors, social and economic circumstances, legal regulations, and ongoing transformation of the national economy.
This work is based on the data compiled from "Occupational Disease Reporting Forms" received by the Central Register of Occupational Diseases in 2004. The data comprised information on individual diseases, gender and age of patients, and duration of occupational exposure to harmful agents responsible for the development of specified pathologies. These data were further classified by sectors of the national economy and voivodships (provinces). The incidence was specified in terms of the number of cases per 100,000 paid employees and per 100,000 employed persons.
In Poland, the number of occupational diseases diagnosed in 2004 accounted for 3790 cases. The incidence rate was 41.0 cases per 100,000 paid employees. The highest incidence rates were noted for: chronic disorders of the voice organ (9.5 per 100 thousand), pneumoconioses (8.1), contagious and parasitic diseases (5.8), permanent bilateral hearing loss (5.5) and skin diseases (2.0). As much as 72.4% of patients affected by occupational diseases, had been exposed to harmful agents for longer than 20 years. In the industrial sectors of the national economy, the highest incidence was noted among workers employed in the mining industry (328.9 cases per 100,000 paid employees), particularly in coal mining (380.1). The highest incidence rates were recorded in the Lubelskie (122.0 cases) and Silesian (85.6 cases per 1000 workers) voivodships.
The incidence of occupational diseases in Poland continues to abate. The downwards trend is primarily due to a lower incidence of hearing loss and chronic diseases of the voice organ.
我们对职业病流行病学的年度分析旨在指出与工作条件相关的发病风险最高的疾病类别，并根据职业暴露、医学因素、社会经济情况、法律法规以及国民经济的持续转型，分析这些疾病发病频率的变化。
这项工作基于2004年职业病中央登记处收到的“职业病报告表”汇编的数据。这些数据包括有关个体疾病、患者性别和年龄以及导致特定疾病的有害因素职业暴露持续时间的信息。这些数据进一步按国民经济部门和省进行了分类。发病率按每10万名受薪雇员和每10万名就业人员中的病例数确定。
2004年波兰诊断出的职业病病例数为3790例。发病率为每10万名受薪雇员41.0例。发病率最高的是：发声器官慢性疾病（每10万人中9.5例）、尘肺病（8.1例）、传染病和寄生虫病（5.8例）、永久性双侧听力损失（5.5例）和皮肤病（2.0例）。多达72.4%的职业病患者接触有害因素的时间超过20年。在国民经济的工业部门中，采矿业雇员的发病率最高（每10万名受薪雇员328.9例），特别是煤矿开采业（380.1例）。卢布林省（122.0例）和西里西亚省（每1000名工人85.6例）的发病率最高。
波兰职业病的发病率持续下降。下降趋势主要归因于听力损失和发声器官慢性疾病发病率的降低。
