Salma Imre, Maenhaut Willy
Environmental Chemistry, Eötvös University, P.O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest, Hungary.
Environ Pollut. 2006 Oct;143(3):479-88. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.11.042. Epub 2006 Feb 7.
Median atmospheric concentrations of Pb, Br, S, As, Se, and particulate matter (PM) decreased, and median concentrations of Sb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Ca, Cr and Ba increased in urban aerosol in downtown Budapest between 1996 and 2002. The changes in Pb and Br concentrations were unambiguously attributed to the phasing out of leaded gasoline. The increments were mainly related to and explained by non-exhaust vehicular emissions. The mechanical wear of asbestos-free brake linings of road vehicles contributed to the concentration of Cu and Sb on average by 69% and 66%, respectively in the PM10 size fraction. Tire rubber abrasion was a major source for atmospheric Zn; on average, non-crustal sources accounted for 67% of Zn in the PM10 size fraction. Contribution of the tire wear component to the PM10 mass was estimated to be 6% at most, while its contribution to organic aerosol was of the order of 15%.
1996年至2002年间，布达佩斯市中心城市气溶胶中铅（Pb）、溴（Br）、硫（S）、砷（As）、硒（Se）和颗粒物（PM）的大气中位浓度下降，而锑（Sb）、铜（Cu）、锌（Zn）、铁（Fe）、钙（Ca）、铬（Cr）和钡（Ba）的中位浓度上升。铅和溴浓度的变化明确归因于含铅汽油的逐步淘汰。浓度增加主要与非尾气车辆排放有关并可用其解释。道路车辆无石棉制动衬片的机械磨损对PM10粒径段中铜和锑浓度的平均贡献率分别为69%和66%。轮胎橡胶磨损是大气中锌的主要来源；平均而言，非地壳来源占PM10粒径段中锌的67%。轮胎磨损成分对PM10质量的贡献估计最多为6%，而其对有机气溶胶的贡献约为15%。
