Patel Molini M, Hoepner Lori, Garfinkel Robin, Chillrud Steven, Reyes Andria, Quinn James W, Perera Frederica, Miller Rachel L
Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 W. 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Dec 1;180(11):1107-13. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200901-0122OC. Epub 2009 Sep 10.
The effects of exposure to specific components of ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)), including metals and elemental carbon (EC), have not been fully characterized in young children.
To compare temporal associations among PM(2.5); individual metal constituents of ambient PM(2.5), including nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn); and EC and longitudinal reports of respiratory symptoms through 24 months of age.
Study participants were selected from the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health birth cohort recruited in New York City between 1998 and 2006. Respiratory symptom data were collected by questionnaire every 3 months through 24 months of age. Ambient pollutant data were obtained from state-operated stationary monitoring sites located within the study area. For each subject, 3-month average inverse-distance weighted concentrations of Ni, V, Zn, EC, and PM(2.5) were calculated for each symptom-reporting period based on the questionnaire date and the preceding 3 months. Associations between pollutants and symptoms were characterized using generalized additive mixed effects models, adjusting for sex, ethnicity, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and calendar time.
Increases in ambient Ni and V concentrations were associated significantly with increased probability of wheeze. Increases in EC were associated significantly with cough during the cold/flu season. Total PM(2.5) was not associated with wheeze or cough.
These results suggest that exposure to ambient metals and EC from heating oil and/or traffic at levels characteristic of urban environments may be associated with respiratory symptoms among very young children.
环境细颗粒物（PM2.5）的特定成分，包括金属和元素碳（EC），对幼儿的影响尚未完全明确。
比较PM2.5；环境PM2.5的单个金属成分，包括镍（Ni）、钒（V）和锌（Zn）；以及EC与24个月龄内呼吸道症状纵向报告之间的时间关联。
研究参与者选自1998年至2006年在纽约市招募的哥伦比亚儿童环境健康中心出生队列。通过问卷调查，每3个月收集一次直至24个月龄的呼吸道症状数据。环境污染物数据来自位于研究区域内的国家运营的固定监测站点。对于每个受试者，根据问卷调查日期和前3个月，计算每个症状报告期内Ni、V、Zn、EC和PM2.5的3个月平均反距离加权浓度。使用广义相加混合效应模型来描述污染物与症状之间的关联，并对性别、种族、环境烟草烟雾暴露和日历时间进行调整。
环境中Ni和V浓度的增加与喘息概率的增加显著相关。EC的增加与感冒/流感季节的咳嗽显著相关。总PM2.5与喘息或咳嗽无关。
这些结果表明，在城市环境特征水平下，接触来自取暖油和/或交通的环境金属和EC可能与幼儿的呼吸道症状有关。
