Martínez-Ortega José María, Jurado Dolores, Martínez-González Miguel Angel, Gurpegui Manuel
Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Av. Madrid 11, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
Addict Behav. 2006 Sep;31(9):1722-9. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.12.012. Epub 2006 Feb 7.
The purpose of this study was to examine the association of smoking and nicotine dependence with psychiatric morbidity, controlling for the potential confounding effect of smoking on the relationship between the use of other substances and psychiatric morbidity. A sample of 290 adults were interviewed at a primary health centre (patients, 58%; patients' relatives, 34%; staff, 8%) to inquire about their tobacco, caffeine, alcohol, and illegal drug consumption. Psychiatric morbidity, defined by a score >6 on the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), showed a strong direct association with nicotine dependence. The use of illegal drugs, but not of alcohol, was also strongly associated with psychiatric morbidity, after controlling for smoking. Both smoking and high nicotine dependence were also associated with use of caffeine, alcohol, cannabis and cocaine. High nicotine dependence may be considered as an expression of individual psychopathologic vulnerability. Tobacco may have a central facilitating role in the use of caffeine, alcohol, and illegal drug.
本研究的目的是探讨吸烟和尼古丁依赖与精神疾病的关联，同时控制吸烟对其他物质使用与精神疾病之间关系的潜在混杂效应。在一家初级保健中心对290名成年人进行了访谈（患者占58%；患者亲属占34%；工作人员占8%），询问他们的烟草、咖啡因、酒精和非法药物消费情况。根据一般健康问卷（GHQ - 28）得分>6定义的精神疾病，与尼古丁依赖呈强烈的直接关联。在控制吸烟因素后，非法药物的使用（而非酒精的使用）也与精神疾病密切相关。吸烟和高尼古丁依赖还与咖啡因、酒精、大麻和可卡因的使用有关。高尼古丁依赖可能被视为个体心理病理易感性的一种表现。烟草在咖啡因、酒精和非法药物的使用中可能具有核心促进作用。
