Mark Hayley Diana, Nanda Joy, Davis-Vogel Annet, Navaline Helen, Scotti Roseanne, Wickrema Rasanjali, Metzger David, Sochalski Julie
Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD 21205-2110, USA.
Public Health Nurs. 2006 Jan-Feb;23(1):11-9. doi: 10.1111/j.0737-1209.2006.230103.x.
Injection drug use has accounted for more than one third of acquired immune deficiency syndrome cases in the United States. The purpose of this study was to compare the demographic characteristics, types, and frequency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-risk behaviors among injection drug users (IDUs) recruited from a needle exchange program (NEP), methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), and detoxification (detox) program.
A cross-sectional, correlational design was used to determine whether the selected HIV-risk behaviors and demographic characteristics of IDUs varied by site of recruitment. SAMPLE AND MEASUREMENTS: Confidential questionnaires were completed by 445 IDUs in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Data analysis revealed that HIV sexual and injection-risk behavior varied by recruitment site. Subjects recruited from the NEP were more likely to engage in HIV-risk behaviors than subjects recruited from the MMT or detox sites.
Interventions occurring in program and treatment sites need to be sensitive to various demographic characteristics and behaviors if they are to reach those at highest risk of HIV infection. Targeting HIV prevention interventions based upon risk group membership alone (e.g. IDUs) fails to address the distinct risk behaviors and demographic characteristics of enrollees in different programs.
在美国，注射吸毒已占获得性免疫缺陷综合征病例的三分之一以上。本研究的目的是比较从针头交换项目（NEP）、美沙酮维持治疗（MMT）和戒毒项目招募的注射吸毒者（IDU）的人口统计学特征、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）风险行为的类型和频率。
采用横断面相关设计，以确定IDU选定的HIV风险行为和人口统计学特征是否因招募地点而异。样本与测量：宾夕法尼亚州费城的445名IDU完成了保密问卷。
数据分析显示，HIV性传播和注射风险行为因招募地点而异。从NEP招募的受试者比从MMT或戒毒地点招募的受试者更有可能从事HIV风险行为。
如果项目和治疗地点的干预措施要覆盖到HIV感染风险最高的人群，就需要对各种人口统计学特征和行为保持敏感。仅基于风险群体成员身份（如IDU）来确定HIV预防干预措施，无法解决不同项目参与者独特的风险行为和人口统计学特征问题。
