Cox Cory D, Cox Brian S, Cox Daniel J
University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2005 Winter;38(4):533-6. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2005.34-03.
Senior drivers are vulnerable to automobile crashes and subsequent injury and death. Safety belts reduce health risks associated with auto crashes. Therefore, it is important to encourage senior drivers to wear safety belts while driving. Using a repeated baseline design (AAB), we previously reported that motivating signs boosted safety belt usage by drivers exiting senior communities from baseline (72% and 68% usage), to postinstallation of signs (94%), to 6 months follow-up (80%). The current study was a 4-year follow-up in which six senior communities, with seat belt signs, were compared to six matched control senior communities with no signs. Safety belt usage was stable, across 4 years, at approximately 80% for both male and female drivers and front seat passengers for the six communities with signs, and was approximately 55% for control sites. These finding suggest that the simple and low-cost intervention of erecting signs to prompt safety belt use has persistent benefits that affect driver and passenger behavior alike.
老年驾驶员容易发生汽车碰撞事故，并因此受伤甚至死亡。安全带可降低与汽车碰撞相关的健康风险。因此，鼓励老年驾驶员在开车时系安全带非常重要。我们之前采用重复基线设计（AAB）报告称，激励标志提高了从老年社区驶出的驾驶员的安全带使用率，从基线时的（使用率分别为72%和68%），到标志安装后（94%），再到6个月随访时（80%）。当前的研究是一项为期4年的随访，其中将六个设有安全带标志的老年社区与六个匹配的无标志对照老年社区进行了比较。在4年时间里，设有标志的六个社区中，男性和女性驾驶员以及前排座位乘客的安全带使用率稳定在约80%，而对照社区的使用率约为55%。这些发现表明，设置标志以促使使用安全带这种简单且低成本的干预措施具有持久的益处，对驾驶员和乘客的行为均有影响。
