Nehnevajova Erika, Herzig Rolf, Federer Guido, Erismann Karl-Hans, Schwitzguébel Jean-Paul
Phytotech-Foundation, Berne, Switzerland.
Int J Phytoremediation. 2005;7(4):337-49. doi: 10.1080/16226510500327210.
Sunflower can be used for the remediation of metal-contaminated soils. Its high biomass production makes this plant species interestingfor phytoextraction and using sunflower oil for a technical purpose may improve the economic balance of phytoremediation. The aim of the present field study was to screen 15 commercial cultivars of Helianthus annuus L. grown on metal-contaminated soil, to find out the variety with the highest metal extraction, which can be further improved by mutation or in vitro breeding procedures. Two different fertilizers (ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate) were also used to enhance the bioavailability of metals in soil Highly significant differences were observed within tested varieties for metal accumulation and extraction efficiency. Furthermore, ammonium nitrate increased cadmium extraction, whereas ammonium sulphate enhanced zinc and lead uptake in most tested cultivars. In this field-based sunflower screening, we found enhanced cumulative Cd, Zn, and Pb extraction efficiency by a factor 4.4 for Salut cultivar. We therefore emphasize that prior to any classical breeding or genetic engineering enhancing metal uptake potential, a careful screening of various genotypes should be done to select the cultivar with the naturally highest metal uptake and to start the genetic improvement with the best available plant material.
向日葵可用于修复受金属污染的土壤。其高生物量产量使这种植物物种在植物提取方面具有吸引力，并且将向日葵油用于技术目的可能会改善植物修复的经济平衡。本田间研究的目的是筛选在金属污染土壤上种植的15个向日葵商业品种，找出金属提取量最高的品种，该品种可通过诱变或离体育种程序进一步改良。还使用了两种不同的肥料（硫酸铵和硝酸铵）来提高土壤中金属的生物有效性。在测试品种中，观察到金属积累和提取效率存在极显著差异。此外，硝酸铵增加了镉的提取量，而硫酸铵在大多数测试品种中提高了锌和铅的吸收量。在这项基于田间的向日葵筛选中，我们发现Salut品种的镉、锌和铅累积提取效率提高了4.4倍。因此，我们强调，在进行任何提高金属吸收潜力的传统育种或基因工程之前，应仔细筛选各种基因型，以选择自然金属吸收量最高的品种，并以现有的最佳植物材料开始遗传改良。
