Vangronsveld Jaco, Herzig Rolf, Weyens Nele, Boulet Jana, Adriaensen Kristin, Ruttens Ann, Thewys Theo, Vassilev Andon, Meers Erik, Nehnevajova Erika, van der Lelie Daniel, Mench Michel
Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2009 Nov;16(7):765-94. doi: 10.1007/s11356-009-0213-6. Epub 2009 Jun 26.
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE: The use of plants and associated microorganisms to remove, contain, inactivate, or degrade harmful environmental contaminants (generally termed phytoremediation) and to revitalize contaminated sites is gaining more and more attention. In this review, prerequisites for a successful remediation will be discussed. The performance of phytoremediation as an environmental remediation technology indeed depends on several factors including the extent of soil contamination, the availability and accessibility of contaminants for rhizosphere microorganisms and uptake into roots (bioavailability), and the ability of the plant and its associated microorganisms to intercept, absorb, accumulate, and/or degrade the contaminants. The main aim is to provide an overview of existing field experience in Europe concerning the use of plants and their associated microorganisms whether or not combined with amendments for the revitalization or remediation of contaminated soils and undeep groundwater. Contaminations with trace elements (except radionuclides) and organics will be considered. Because remediation with transgenic organisms is largely untested in the field, this topic is not covered in this review. Brief attention will be paid to the economical aspects, use, and processing of the biomass.
It is clear that in spite of a growing public and commercial interest and the success of several pilot studies and field scale applications more fundamental research still is needed to better exploit the metabolic diversity of the plants themselves, but also to better understand the complex interactions between contaminants, soil, plant roots, and microorganisms (bacteria and mycorrhiza) in the rhizosphere. Further, more data are still needed to quantify the underlying economics, as a support for public acceptance and last but not least to convince policy makers and stakeholders (who are not very familiar with such techniques).
背景、目的与范围：利用植物及其相关微生物去除、控制、灭活或降解有害环境污染物（通常称为植物修复）并使受污染场地恢复生机正日益受到关注。在本综述中，将讨论成功修复的先决条件。植物修复作为一种环境修复技术的性能确实取决于几个因素，包括土壤污染程度、根际微生物对污染物的可利用性和可接近性以及污染物被根系吸收的情况（生物有效性），以及植物及其相关微生物拦截、吸收、积累和/或降解污染物的能力。主要目的是概述欧洲在利用植物及其相关微生物（无论是否与改良剂结合）对受污染土壤和浅层地下水进行恢复或修复方面的现有实地经验。将考虑微量元素（放射性核素除外）和有机物污染。由于转基因生物修复在实地基本未经测试，本综述不涉及该主题。将简要关注生物量的经济方面、用途和加工。
显然，尽管公众和商业兴趣不断增加，并且一些试点研究和实地规模应用取得了成功，但仍需要进行更多基础研究，以更好地利用植物自身的代谢多样性，同时也更好地理解污染物、土壤、植物根系和根际微生物（细菌和菌根）之间的复杂相互作用。此外，仍需要更多数据来量化潜在的经济效益，以支持公众接受，最后但同样重要的是说服政策制定者和利益相关者（他们对这类技术不太熟悉）。
