Hugoson Anders, Koch Göran, Göthberg Catharina, Helkimo Anna Nydell, Lundin Sven-Ake, Norderyd Ola, Sjödin Bengt, Sondell Katarina
Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
Swed Dent J. 2005;29(4):139-55.
The aim of this epidemiological study was to analyze various clinical and radiographic data on oral health and compare the results to those of three cross-sectional studies carried out in 1973 and 1983, and 1993. In 1973, 1983, 1993, and 2003 a random sample of 1,000; 1,104; 1,078; and 987 individuals, respectively, were studied. The individuals were evenly distributed in the age groups 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 years. In 1973 80-year-olds were not included. All subjects were inhabitants of the City of Jönköping, Sweden. The clinical and radiographic examination assessed edentulousness, removable dentures, implants, number of teeth, caries, restorations and overhangs, oral hygiene, calculus, periodontal status, endodontic treatment, and periapical status. The number of edentulous individuals in the age groups 40-70 years was reduced from 16 per cent in 1973 to 8 per cent in 1993, and to 1 per cent in 2003. The mean number of teeth increased, and up to the age of 60 years, individuals had more or less complete dentitions. During the 30-year period,the number of carious lesions and restorations decreased in general. In the 15-year-olds the decrease in number of restored tooth surfaces was 900 per cent and the corresponding figure for 30-year-olds was 79 per cent. The age groups 60-800 years showed an increase in number of restored tooth surfaces and had as a mean 50 filled tooth surfaces. The oral health among 3-5-year-olds improved markedly between 1973 and 1993. In 2003, however, there was no further improvement in 3- and 5-year-olds compared to 1993. Generally, restorations in 2003 exhibited a high quality and 90-95 per cent had no proximal overhangs. In 1973 this figure was about 60 per cent. In the age groups 20-50 years there were continuously fewer teeth fitted with crowns or bridges during the 30-year period. In 1973 the 50-year-olds had a mean of 24.5 per cent of the teeth crowned and in 2003 6.8 percent. Compared to data from 1973 there was a reduction by half concerning occurrence of plaque and gingivitis in 2003. The frequency of individuals with one or more periodontal pockets (> or = 4 mm) increased with age. In 2003 the bone level at the age of 60 years corresponded to the bone level at the age of 40 years in 1973. The percentage of endodontically treated teeth was lower in 2003 in all age groups compared to 1973, 1983, and 1993. The percentage of endodontically treated teeth with periapical orjuxtaradicular destructions was generally lower in 2003 than in the earlier surveys, about 20 per cent in 2003 compared to 25-30 per cent in 1973,1983, and 1993. The comparison of the four studies shows that there has been a great overall improvement in oral health over this 30-year period.
这项流行病学研究的目的是分析有关口腔健康的各种临床和影像学数据，并将结果与1973年、1983年和1993年进行的三项横断面研究结果进行比较。在1973年、1983年、1993年和2003年，分别对1000名、1104名、1078名和987名个体的随机样本进行了研究。这些个体均匀分布在3岁、5岁、10岁、15岁、20岁、30岁、40岁、50岁、60岁、70岁和80岁年龄组中。1973年未纳入80岁的个体。所有受试者均为瑞典延雪平市的居民。临床和影像学检查评估了无牙情况、可摘义齿、种植体、牙齿数量、龋齿、修复体和悬突、口腔卫生、牙石、牙周状况、牙髓治疗和根尖周状况。40至70岁年龄组的无牙个体数量从1973年的16%降至1993年的8%，并在2003年降至1%。牙齿的平均数量增加，到60岁时，个体的牙列或多或少完整。在这30年期间，龋损和修复体的数量总体上有所减少。15岁年龄组修复牙面数量的减少幅度为900%，30岁年龄组的相应数字为79%。60至80岁年龄组的修复牙面数量有所增加，平均有50个填充牙面。1973年至1993年期间，3至5岁儿童的口腔健康状况有了显著改善。然而，与1993年相比，2003年3岁和5岁儿童的口腔健康状况没有进一步改善。总体而言，2003年的修复体质量较高，90%至95%没有邻面悬突。1973年这一比例约为60%。在20至50岁年龄组中，在这30年期间，安装冠或桥的牙齿数量持续减少。1973年，50岁年龄组平均有24.5%的牙齿安装了冠，2003年为6.8%。与1973年的数据相比，2003年牙菌斑和牙龈炎的发生率降低了一半。有一个或多个牙周袋（≥4毫米）的个体频率随年龄增加。2003年60岁时的骨水平与1973年40岁时的骨水平相当。与1973年、1983年和1993年相比，2003年所有年龄组接受牙髓治疗的牙齿百分比均较低。2003年，根尖或根周破坏的牙髓治疗牙齿百分比总体上低于早期调查，2003年约为20%，而1973年、1983年和1993年为25%至30%。这四项研究的比较表明，在这30年期间，口腔健康总体上有了很大改善。
