Osterberg T, Hedegård B, Säter G
Swed Dent J. 1984;8(1):29-48.
Within the framework of an epidemiological, initially cross-sectional and subsequently longitudinal, population study of 70-year-old people, a representative sample of 386 subjects were subjected to odontological investigation. Forty six per cent of the men and 55% of the women were edentulous in both jaws and 20% of the men and 19% of the women were edentulous in one jaw. In dentulous subjects the mean number of teeth was 13.6 (men) and 13.5 (women). The tooth mortality rate was higher in the upper than in the lower jaw and higher in the lateral segments of the jaws than in the frontal region. The mean number of carious teeth was 3.2 for men and 2.4 for women and the mean number of intact teeth was 4.8 in men and 3.4 in women (p less than or equal to 0.05). Fifty four per cent of remaining teeth had been restored in men and 73% in women (p less than or equal to 0.01). Significantly more upper teeth were restored than lower teeth. Half of the dentulous subjects had worn their dentures for more than 10 years and only 14% had satisfactorily functioning dentures and acceptable occlusion. Poor retention and poor stability were very common in unsatisfactory dentures, more so in the upper than in the lower jaw. The proportion of dentures with these faults increased with increasing age of the dentures. The degree of dental invalidity was classified according to Eichner's index. This index was strongly correlated to the number of teeth and tooth contacts (p less than or equal to 0.001). The Eichner index covaried with frequency of visits to the dentist and special background factors such as income, education, marital status and past and present smoking habits. Married men tended to have a better level of dental health than other men (p less than or equal to 0.01), while the reverse was true for women. About half of the dentulous subjects were in need of prosthetic treatment and slightly less than half of them needed conservative dental treatment. Sixty per cent of edentulous subjects needed new dentures. The longitudinal comparisons between the ages of 70 and 75 showed small changes in dental invalidity. In a new cohort of 70-year-olds examined 5 years later the proportion of edentulous was significantly lower than in the first 70-year-old cohort.
在一项针对70岁人群的流行病学研究框架内，最初进行横断面研究，随后进行纵向研究，对386名受试者的代表性样本进行了口腔学调查。46%的男性和55%的女性上下颌均无牙，20%的男性和19%的女性单侧无牙。有牙受试者的平均牙数为13.6颗（男性）和13.5颗（女性）。上颌的牙齿缺失率高于下颌，颌骨外侧段的牙齿缺失率高于前部区域。男性的平均龋齿数为3.2颗，女性为2.4颗，男性的完整牙平均数为4.8颗，女性为3.4颗（p≤0.05）。男性剩余牙齿中有54%已修复，女性为73%（p≤0.01）。上颌牙齿修复的明显多于下颌牙齿。一半的有牙受试者佩戴假牙超过10年，只有14%的人假牙功能良好且咬合可接受。在不合适的假牙中，固位差和稳定性差非常常见，在上颌比下颌更明显。有这些缺陷的假牙比例随着假牙使用年限的增加而增加。根据艾希纳指数对牙齿功能丧失程度进行分类。该指数与牙齿数量和牙接触密切相关（p≤0.001）。艾希纳指数与看牙医的频率以及收入、教育程度、婚姻状况和过去及现在的吸烟习惯等特殊背景因素相关。已婚男性的牙齿健康水平往往高于其他男性（p≤0.01），而女性情况则相反。约一半的有牙受试者需要修复治疗，略少于一半的人需要保守牙科治疗。60%的无牙受试者需要新假牙。70岁至75岁之间的纵向比较显示牙齿功能丧失变化不大。在5年后检查的一组新的70岁人群中，无牙比例明显低于第一组70岁人群。
